Meningoencephalitis in Naturally Occurring <i>Trypanosoma Evansi</i> Infection (Surra) of Horses

Seiler, R. J.; Omar, Sabah A.; Jackson, A.

doi:10.1177/030098588101800114

Cited by 36 publications

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“…Essa forma foi observada em eqüinos como uma fase terminal da doença crônica caquetizante ou em eqüinos sem sinais prévios. Sinais clínicos e alterações histopatológicas semelhantes aos observados em nossos casos raramente são descritos na literatura (Seiler et al 1981).…”

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“…Essas lesões consistem de uma encefalite necrosante avassaladora, na qual os manguitos perivasculares são volumosos e incluem as células de Mott, inicialmente descritas na tripanossomíase africana em humanos (Mott 1906, citado por Poltera et al 1977, Aster 2005b). Lesões semelhantes às encontradas nos encéfalos dos eqüinos deste estudo tinham sido documentadas na surra em uma oportunidade (Seiler et al 1981), mas esse relato ficou parcialmente esquecido na literatura e esse tipo de encefalite geralmente não é mencionado em detalhes nas descrições da tripanossomíase por T. evansi em eqüinos. Nos casos do presente estudo, a associação do agente etiológico (demonstrado através da IHQ) com as lesões encefálicas é uma prova irrefutável de que essas são causadas por T. evansi.…”

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“…Os animais afetados podem morrer dentro de semanas ou poucos meses, mas podem ocorrer infecções crônicas com evolução de muitos meses (Brun et al 1998). Sinais neurológicos centrais têm sido descritos raramente, na fase terminal (Seiler et al 1981).…”

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Surtos de tripanossomíase por Trypanosoma evansi em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos e patológicos

et al. 2005

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Additionally, around 80 mares were sent to Farm A to be bred. Of those, 66 became ill and 56 died after being returned to their farms of origin. Twenty one horses clinically affected by the disease were observed. Clinical signs included loss of weight (despite voracious appetite), lethargy, incoordination and instability of hindlimbs, atrophy of the large muscles of the hindlimbs, muscle weakness and paleness of mucosae. Specimens of T. evansi were detected in the blood drawn from four affected horses. Normocytic normochromic anemia with PCVs ranging from 15 to 31%, leucocytosis due to lymphocytosis associated to large atypical lymphocytes was observed in several affected horses. High levels of antibodies against T. evansi were detected in the serum of six horses from Farm A. Eight horses presented encephalic neurological signs such as circling, ataxia, blindness, excitation, falls, listlessness, proprioception deficits and head tilt. One horse assumed a "dogseating position". Necropsy findings included muscle atrophy, enlargement and lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen and lymphnodes, edema and softening of the white and grey matter of the brain. Histologically, an overwhelming necrotizing panencephalitis was observed in the seven horses with encephalic signs. This panencephalitis was characterized by marked edema, demyelination and necrosis and perivascular infiltrates of 6-10 layers of lymphocytes and plasm cells affecting both the white and gray matter. Several plasm cells in the inflammatory infiltrate contained numerous eosinophilic globules in their cytoplasm (Mott cells). Similar histological lesions were observed in the spinal cord of the horse with the "dog-seating position". The brains of five horses with the encephalic signs were submitted to immunohistochemistry stain by the streptavidinbiotin technique. In all of those five brains moderate to abundant specimens of T. evansi in the perivascular spaces and neuropile were marked by the specific antibody. Epidemiological, clinical, hematological, and pathological aspects of equine trypanosomiasis caused by T. evansi are discussed.

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Surtos de tripanossomíase por Trypanosoma evansi em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos e patológicos

et al. 2005

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“…8,11,16,41 Natural infection by T. evansi is rarely considered a cause of encephalitis in horses. 40 Neurologic signs have been reported in cattle 47 and hog deer 46 naturally infected by T. evansi; however, the histopathologic changes in the brain of these species were either not described 47 or just briefly described. 45,46 On the other hand, mild lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis was reported in horses, 21 donkeys, 3 dogs, 2 goats, 6 coatis (N. nasua), 15 and buffaloes 5 experimentally infected by T. evansi.…”

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“…4 Trypanosomiasis in horses is characterized by intermittent fever, anemia, progressive weakness, loss of body condition, and unstable gait. 11, 22 Neurologic signs have been described occasionally in the terminal phase of natural infection by T. evansi in horses, 40 cattle, deer, 46,47 and buffaloes, 45 but have not been well documented in horses.…”

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Neuropathology of Naturally OccurringTrypanosoma evansiInfection of Horses

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The clinical signs and pathology of the central nervous system in 9 horses with naturally occurring neurologic disease due to Trypanosoma evansi are described. The clinical course was 2 to 20 days; clinical signs included marked ataxia, blindness, head tilt and circling, hyperexcitability, obtundity, proprioceptive deficits, head pressing, and paddling movements. Grossly, asymmetric leukoencephalomalacia with yellowish discoloration of white matter and flattening of the gyri were observed in the brain of 7 of 9 horses. Histologically, all 9 horses had necrotizing encephalitis that was most severe in the white matter, with edema, demyelination, and lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffs. Mild to moderate meningitis or meningomyelitis was observed in the spinal cord of 5 of 7 horses. T. evansi was detected immunohistochemically in the perivascular spaces and neuropil of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue in 8 of 9 horses.

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Parasitic Infection of the Central Nervous System

Furr¹

2007

Equine Neurology

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Meningoencephalitis in Naturally Occurring Trypanosoma Evansi Infection (Surra) of Horses

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

Surtos de tripanossomíase por Trypanosoma evansi em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos e patológicos

Surtos de tripanossomíase por Trypanosoma evansi em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos e patológicos

Neuropathology of Naturally OccurringTrypanosoma evansiInfection of Horses

Parasitic Infection of the Central Nervous System

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