Menopause: a review of botanical dietary supplements

Dog, Tieraona Low

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.044

Cited by 110 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This plant is indigenous to China, and locally known as 'Dang gui' (当归). A. sinensis is often called 'female ginseng', as its major usage is in female health related diseases [1,2,3]. In addition to effect in ameliorating female reproductive complications, A. sinensis also possess a number of other medicinal or health beneficial activities [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of improved RAPD and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships in Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels varieties of China

Mei

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2015

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology

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Background: Angelica sinensis is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant. We aimed to assess the genetic diversity and relationships in A. sinensis cultivars collected from different locations of China and also some other Angelica species. Results: We employed an improved random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique for the amplification of DNA materials from ten Angelica cultivars, and the results were verified by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. Twenty six RAPD primers were used for RAPD, and the amplified bands were found highly polymorphic (96%). Each primer amplified 8-14 bands with an average of 10.25. The cluster dendrogram showed that the similarity coefficients ranged from 0.41 to 0.92. The similarity coefficients were higher among different cultivars of A. sinensis, and lower among different species. Twenty ISSR primers were used for the amplification, and each primer generated 6-10 bands with an average of 7.2 bands per primer. The cluster dendrogram showed that the similarity coefficients ranged from 0.35 to 0.89. Conclusions: This study genetically characterized the Angelica species, which might have a significant contribution to the genetic and ecological conservation of this important medicinal plant. Also, this study indicates that the improved RAPD and ISSR analyses are important and potent molecular tools for the study of genetic diversity and authentication of organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of improved RAPD and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships in Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels varieties of China

Mei

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2015

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology

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“…These findings were eagerly reported in the media and, together with the clinical evidence, had a negative impact on HRT prescribing. In fact, within months of these publications, there was a significant decrease in HRT prescriptions, particularly the combined conjugated equine oestrogens and progestagen products, and such declines have been reported in several countries (Lawton et al 2003, Kim et al 2005, Low Dog 2005, Usher et al 2006). This could result in an increased use of 'natural' plant-derived alternatives to HRT that contain phytoestrogens.…”

Section: Phytoestrogens Hrt and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, most studies investigating the efficacy of phytoestrogens as alternatives to HRT have specifically focused on the incidence, frequency, and intensity of hot flushes. Unfortunately, most studies to date have been on a small scale and of short-term duration and the majority was not randomized, doubleblind or even placebo-controlled trials (Low Dog 2005, Speeroff 2005). The topic has been adequately reviewed and overall evidence shows that phytoestrogen extracts of soy and red clover have little or no effect; at best only 10% reduction of symptoms beyond that of the placebo effect (Kurzer 2003, Geller & Studee 2005.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Phytoestrogens As Alternatives To Hrtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens and breast cancer –promoters or protectors?

Rice¹,

Whitehead²

2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

165

119

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The majority of breast cancers are oestrogen dependent and in postmenopausal women the supply of oestrogens in breast tissue is derived from the peripheral conversion of circulating androgens. There is, however, a paradox concerning the epidemiology of breast cancer and the dietary intake of phytoestrogens that bind weakly to oestrogen receptors and initiate oestrogendependent transcription. In Eastern countries, such as Japan, the incidence of breast cancer is approximately one-third that of Western countries whilst their high dietary intake of phytoestrogens, mainly in the form of soy products, can produce circulating levels of phytoestrogens that are known experimentally to have oestrogenic effects. Indeed, their weak oestrogenicity has been used to advantage by herbalist medicine to promote soy products as a natural alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Such usage could increase in light of recent evidence that long-term HRT usage may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer with a consequent reduction in prescription rates. So, are phytoestrogens safe as a natural alternative to HRT and could they be promoters or protectors of breast cancer? If they are promoters, then we must assume that it is due to their oestrogenic effect. If they are protectors, then other actions of phytoestrogens, including their ability to inhibit enzymes that are responsible for converting androgens and weak oestrogens into oestradiol, must be considered. This paper addresses these questions by reviewing the actions of phytoestrogens on oestrogen receptors and key enzymes that convert androgens to oestrogens in relation to the growth of breast cancer cells. In addition, it compares the experimental and epidemiological evidence pertinent to the potential beneficial or harmful effects of phytoestrogens in relation to the incidence/progression of breast cancer and their efficacy as natural alternatives to conventional HRT.

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“…Our data imply that ginsenoside is a naturally harvested, mechanismspecific agonist of sex steroid receptors. In the Eastern world, P. ginseng has been successfully prescribed for health problems associated with the post-and perimenopausal periods, which includes not only cardiac events, but also hot flashes, loss of bone matrix, and cognition disturbance (Punnonen and Lukola, 1984;Kropotov et al, 2002;Hartley et al, 2004;Low Dog, 2005). In the present study, we used ginsenoside Re at a concentration of 3 , because this is the concentration prescribed to patients in China (Bai et al, 2003).…”

Section: Ginsenoside Re Activates K ؉ Channels Via An Akt/enos Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Re, a Main Phytosterol ofPanax ginseng, Activates Cardiac Potassium Channels via a Nongenomic Pathway of Sex Hormones

Furukawa¹,

Bai²,

Kaihara³

et al. 2006

Mol Pharmacol

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Ginseng root is one of the most popular herbs throughout the world and is believed to be a panacea and to promote longevity. It has been used as a medicine to protect against cardiac ischemia, a major cause of death in the West. We have previously demonstrated that ginsenoside Re, a main phytosterol of Panax ginseng, inhibits Ca 2ϩ accumulation in mitochondria during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, which is attributable to nitric oxide (NO)-induced Ca 2ϩ channel inhibition and K ϩ channel activation in cardiac myocytes. In this study, we provide compelling evidence that ginsenoside Re activates endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) to release NO, resulting in activation of the slowly activating delayed rectifier K ϩ current. The eNOS activation occurs via a nongenomic pathway of each of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor-␣, and progesterone receptor, in which c-Src, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and eNOS are sequentially activated. However, ginsenoside Re does not stimulate proliferation of androgen-responsive LNCaP cells and estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cells, implying that ginsenoside Re does not activate a genomic pathway of sex hormone receptors. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments with a probe, SCCoR (single cell coactivator recruitment), indicate that the lack of genomic action is attributable to failure of coactivator recruitment. Thus, ginsenoside Re acts as a specific agonist for the nongenomic pathway of sex steroid receptors, and NO released from activated eNOS underlies cardiac K ϩ channel activation and protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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Menopause: a review of botanical dietary supplements

Cited by 110 publications

References 42 publications

Efficiency of improved RAPD and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships in Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels varieties of China

Efficiency of improved RAPD and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships in Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels varieties of China

Phytoestrogens and breast cancer –promoters or protectors?

Ginsenoside Re, a Main Phytosterol ofPanax ginseng, Activates Cardiac Potassium Channels via a Nongenomic Pathway of Sex Hormones

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