Menopause and stress urinary incontinence: The risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

Abstract

ObjectiveThe prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) increases around menopause. The quality of life of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with SUI is significantly affected. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SUI and the associated risk factors in a population of Chinese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.MethodsA total of 273 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were enrolled, and a cross‐sectional study was conducted. SUI was defined as an involuntary loss of urine with increases in abdominal pressure. Data including personal characteristics, menopause information, estrogen levels, and pelvic floor muscle strength levels were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe study enrolled 158 (57.9%) perimenopausal and 115 (42.1%) postmenopausal women. Sixty‐six (41.8%) perimenopausal women and 56 (48.7%) postmenopausal women complained of SUI. The mean age was 49.42 ± 5.58 years. Body mass index over 24 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–3.81), vaginal delivery (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.33–4.58), and diabetes (OR 4.65, 95% CI 1.23–17.62) were high‐risk factors for SUI. Climacteric symptoms (evaluated by Kupperman index scores) were statistically related to SUI, and among the 13 symptoms, insomnia, nervousness, weakness and fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia, headache, palpitation, and sexual complaints were all correlated with SUI in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.ConclusionsSeveral factors are associated with SUI in Chinese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Obesity, vaginal delivery, climacteric symptoms, and diabetes were identified as the most notable risk factors. The management strategy could focus on the prevention and management of risk factors.

Methodologies Used in Studies of Self-Management Interventions for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: An Integrative Review

“…63 A cross-sectional study of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women reported a correlation between climacteric symptoms associated with menopause and stress UI. 64 In contrast, a longitudinal study of midlife and older women found no association between menopause and the incidence or remission of UI. 65 Only one study included in this review explicitly reported current menopause status of participants.…”