Objectives
The purpose of this study was to identify the clusters of midlife women by sleep-related symptoms in multi-ethnic groups and to examine racial/ethnic differences in the clusters.
Method
This secondary analysis was conducted on the data from 1,054 midlife women who participated in two cross-sectional descriptive national Internet Surveys. The instruments included questions on background characteristics and health and menopausal status and the Sleep Index for Midlife Women. The data were analyzed using hierarchical clustering methods, chi- square tests, ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analyses.
Results
The four cluster solution was adopted: Cluster 1 (low total symptoms), Cluster 2 (high physical and psychosomatic symptoms), Cluster 3 (high psychological symptoms), and Cluster 4 (high total symptoms). There were significant differences in the level of education, employment status, family income, social support, country of birth, race/ethnicity, BMI, perceived general health, diagnosed disease, access to health care, and menopausal status among the clusters (p<.05). In Clusters 1, there were significant racial/ethnic differences in the total numbers and total severity scores of total symptoms and physical symptoms (p<.01). In Cluster 3, there were significant racial/ethnic differences in the total numbers of total symptoms and the severity scores of psychosomatic symptoms. Also, there were significant associations of race/ethnicity to individual symptoms in each cluster and significant racial/ethnic differences in individual symptoms in each cluster.
Conclusions
The racial/ethnic associations and differences need to be considered in development of future interventions related to midlife women's sleep-related symptoms.