Menschenrechte und Lebensqualität in Alten(pflege)heimen Alles eine Frage der Perspektive?

Abstract

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich vor dem Hintergrund der Heterogenität des Alter(n)s mit der Frage, ob allgemeingültige Definitionen von Lebensqualität, angemessenem Lebensabend, menschenwürdigem Alter(n) etc. gefunden und bspw. in einer »Menschenrechtskonvention für Ältere« formuliert werden können oder ob alles eine Frage der Perspektive ist. Hierfür werden Interviews mit Bewohner*innen bayerischer Alten(pflege)heime sowie Gespräche mit Mitarbeiter*innen derselben Heime auf konsensuale Aspekte bezüglich guter Behandlung und Lebensqualität untersucht. Dabei wird eine Lanze dafür gebrochen, älteren Menschen und Heim-Bewohner*innen eine Stimme zu geben, um möglichst viele Lebensqualitäts-, Menschenrechts- und Care-Dimensionen zu berücksichtigen und sie nicht nur als Fürsorge-, sondern auch als Rechtssubjekt wahrzunehmen. Resümierend wird festgehalten, dass zwar auf die Perspektive zurückzuführende Unterschiede festzustellen sind, sich aber dennoch ein Grundkonsens abzeichnet.

Different by Culture

“…(Craveiro et al, 2013), social life is impacted by conceptualizations of social relationships regardingsize, foundation, density, reliability, and functionality of social networks (Crossley et al, 2015; Lüscher, 2002),forms and degrees of presence, i.e., who should be present for whom in which way, intensity, and frequency (Döbler, 2019a, 2020b),consequences of belonging to collectives or families, given and desired nature of interpersonal, intergenerational connectedness and inclusion (Craveiro et al, 2013; Westin & Danielson, 2007), based either on the quality of relationships (Craveiro et al, 2013; Silverstein, Gans, Lowenstein, Giarrusso, & Bengtson, 2010; Zhang & Wang, 2010) or on biological (e.g., blood), legal (e.g., marriage or adoption), or contractual (e.g., with caring staff) groundings. Taken together, this shapes encounters, integration, and solidarity as well as attitudes and positions regarding considerations like these:Are encounters anonymous and superficial or intense and stable, leading, for example, to experiences of isolation, autonomy, and freedom or to ontological security thanks to knowing where one belongs (Giddens, 2003), albeit at the price of a lack of privacy?Are older people integrated partially or holistically, that is, are they, for example, reduced to a single role such as being the “old person” or a “nursing-home resident”? Or are they conceived as people with various social roles and individual biographies (Döbler, 2020a)?Is solidarity dependent on the quality or nature of the relationship, or is it unconditional and entails a mutual exchange commitment and reciprocity (cf. contributions in Bengtson & Lowenstein, 2003; Lehmann & Brinkmann, 2019)?…”

“…Are older people integrated partially or holistically, that is, are they, for example, reduced to a single role such as being the “old person” or a “nursing-home resident”? Or are they conceived as people with various social roles and individual biographies (Döbler, 2020a)?…”

“…Are older people integrated partially or holistically, that is, are they, for example, reduced to a single role such as being the "old person" or a "nursing-home resident"? Or are they conceived as people with various social roles and individual biographies (Döbler, 2020a)? Is solidarity dependent on the quality or nature of the relationship, or is it unconditional and entails a mutual exchange commitment and reciprocity (cf.…”