Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to mammographic density: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

Butler, Lesley M.; Gold, Ellen B.; Greendale, Gail A.; Crandall, Carolyn J.; Modugno, Francesmary; Oestreicher, Nina; Quesenberry, Charles P.; Habel, Laurel A.

doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9840-0

Cited by 67 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…With both methods, we could clearly confirm the established determinants of high percent density, that is young age, low BMI, nulliparity, late age at first delivery, premenopausal status, and HT use (15)(16)(17)(18). With respect to absolute density, the dense area was more strongly related with the known breast cancer risk factors than the dense volume, as mentioned above.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Volumetric Breast Density from Full-Field Digital Mammograms and Its Association with Breast Cancer Risk Factors: A Comparison with a Threshold Method

Lokate

Kallenberg

Karssemeijer

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Introduction: Breast density, a strong breast cancer risk factor, is usually measured on the projected breast area from film screen mammograms. This is far from ideal, as breast thickness and technical characteristics are not taken into account. We investigated whether volumetric density measurements on full-field digital mammography (FFDM) are more strongly related to breast cancer risk factors than measurements with a computer-assisted threshold method.Methods: Breast density was measured on FFDMs from 370 breast cancer screening participants, using a computer-assisted threshold method and a volumetric method. The distribution of breast cancer risk factors among quintiles of density was compared between both methods. We adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) with linear regression analysis.Results: High percent density was strongly related to younger age, lower BMI, nulliparity, late age at first delivery and pre/perimenopausal status, to the same extent with both methods (all P < 0.05). Similarly strong relationships were seen for the absolute dense area but to a lesser extent for absolute dense volume. A larger dense volume was only significantly associated with late age at menopause, use of menopausal hormone therapy, and, in contrast to the other methods, high BMI.Conclusion: Both methods related equally well to known breast cancer risk factors. Impact: Despite its alleged higher precision, the volumetric method was not more strongly related to breast cancer risk factors. This is in agreement with other studies. The definitive relationship with breast cancer risk still needs to be investigated. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(12); 3096-105. Ó2010 AACR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Volumetric Breast Density from Full-Field Digital Mammograms and Its Association with Breast Cancer Risk Factors: A Comparison with a Threshold Method

Lokate

Kallenberg

Karssemeijer

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…35,36). Parity and possibly early age at first full-term pregnancy are both associated with lower percent MD (37)(38)(39)(40)(41). BMI is strongly inversely associated with percent MD (42), and there is some evidence that physical activity (43) and possibly alcohol intake (44)(45)(46) are associated with MD phenotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Susceptibility Variants and Mammographic Density Phenotypes in Norwegian Postmenopausal Women

Ellingjord-Dale

Grotmol

Lee

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest known breast cancer risk factors. Twin studies have suggested that a large part of the variation in MD is genetically determined. We hypothesized that breast cancer susceptibility variants may affect MD, and that their effects may be modified by nongenetic factors.Methods: We assessed MD, using a computer-assisted method, on 2,348 postmenopausal Caucasian women (50-69 years) who participated in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) in 2004 or 2006-07. We used linear regression (additive models) to determine the association between each SNP and MD, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and study. We evaluated MD associations with 17 established breast cancer SNPs, overall, and by strata defined by non-genetic factors.Results: Two variants, 6q25.1-rs9383938 and TXNRD2-rs8141691, were statistically significantly associated with percent MD (P ¼ 0.019 and 0.03, respectively), with the 6q25.1-rs9383938 association being consistent with the SNP effect on breast cancer risk. The effect of 6q25.1-rs3734805 on percent MD varied between parous and nulliparous women (P interaction ¼ 0.02), whereas the effects of 9q31.2-rs865686 and MRPS30:FGF10-rs4415084 differed across strata of BMI (P interaction ¼ 0.01 and 0.005, respectively). There was no evidence of effect modification by estrogen and progestin therapy use or alcohol consumption.Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence of shared genetic risk factors between MD and breast cancer and of possible MD genetic-environmental interactions.Impact: Although the results may be chance findings, they nevertheless highlight the need to investigate interactions with nongenetic factors in studies on the genetics of MD. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(9); 1752-63. Ó2014 AACR.

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“…Breast density is also associated with reproductive and anthropometric risk factors for breast cancer (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). However, the association between MD and breast cancer appears to be independent, and usually persists after adjustment for these factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol, tobacco, and mammographic density: a population-based study

Cabanes

Pastor-Barriuso

García-López

et al. 2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Sánchez-Contador, et al.. Alcohol, tobacco, and mammographic density: a population-based study. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Springer Verlag, 2011, 129 (1) Screening Program network. The association between MD, alcohol consumption and tobacco use was evaluated by using ordinal logistic models with random center-specific intercepts.We found a weak positive association between current alcohol intake and higher MD, with current alcohol consumption increasing the odds of high MD by 13% (OR=1.13; 95% CI 0.99-1.28) and high daily grams of alcohol being positively associated with increased MD (p for trend=0.045). There were no statistically significant differences in MD between smokers and non-smokers. Nevertheless, increased number of daily cigarettes and increased number of accumulated lifetime cigarettes were negatively associated with high MD (p for trend 0.017 and 0.021). The effect of alcohol on MD was modified by menopausal status and tobacco smoking: whereas alcohol consumption and daily grams of alcohol were positively associated with higher MD in postmenopausal women and in women who were not currently smoking, alcohol consumption had no effect on MD in premenopausal women and current smokers. 4Our results support an association between recent alcohol consumption and high MD, characterized by a modest increase in risk at low levels of current consumption and a decrease in risk among heavier drinkers. Our study also shows how the effects of alcohol in the breast can be modified by other factors, such as smoking.

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Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to mammographic density: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

Cited by 67 publications

References 37 publications

Volumetric Breast Density from Full-Field Digital Mammograms and Its Association with Breast Cancer Risk Factors: A Comparison with a Threshold Method

Volumetric Breast Density from Full-Field Digital Mammograms and Its Association with Breast Cancer Risk Factors: A Comparison with a Threshold Method

Breast Cancer Susceptibility Variants and Mammographic Density Phenotypes in Norwegian Postmenopausal Women

Alcohol, tobacco, and mammographic density: a population-based study

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