Menstrual Blood Quantitation in the Rhesus Monkey: An Experimental Tool for Improving Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUDS)

Shaw, S.T.; El-Sahwi, Samir; Moyer, Dean L.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)38883-5

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The mechanisms underlying BTB and indeed menstruation and menstrual disorders are difficult to study, given that they occur only in women and a few old world primates (Shaw et al 1972, Goncharov et al 1976, Kaiserman-Abramof & Padykula 1989, Rasweiler 1991. The invasive nature of collecting human endometrial samples and the lack of suitable non-primate models limits investigations where these processes can be manipulated and subsequently elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term actions of etonogestrel and levonorgestrel on decidualized and non-decidualized endometrium in a mouse model mimic some effects of progestogen-only contraceptives in women

Morison¹,

Zhang²,

Kaitu’u-Lino³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

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Breakthrough bleeding (BTB), a major side effect of long-acting progestogen (p)-only contraceptives in women, is the main reason for discontinuation of their use. To understand the mechanisms of BTB, a mouse model of endometrial breakdown and repair was adapted to evaluate the effects of long-term progestogens on the endometrium. Appropriately prepared mice received either an etonogestrel (ENG)-or levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing subdermal implant. Forty eight hours after decidualization was induced in one uterine horn the majority of tissues were highly decidualized, designated 0 day (0d). Uteri were collected subsequently at 5-day intervals (to 45d) and both decidualized and non-decidualized horns were analysed for morphological changes, leukocyte infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase expression (MMP). In decidualized horns, large blood vessels (BV) developed and disturbance of tissue integrity was observed at 5d with substantial stromal breakdown by 10d, progressing until 25d when re-epithelialization was initiated. By 45d, the tissue was restored to its pre-decidualized state but with considerable tortuosity of the luminal epithelium. Tissue remodelling was not apparent in the non-decidualized horns before 35d, when hyperproliferation of the luminal epithelium resulted in tortuosity. Changes in morphology were similar with the two progestogens, but occurred more rapidly with LNG. Apart from macrophages, few leukocytes were present in non-decidualized horns but large infiltrates of neutrophils and uterine natural killer cells (uNK) were associated with tissue breakdown in decidualized tissue, many of these cells were MMP9-positive. MMP7 was primarily associated with tissue repair. Therefore, this model mimics some of the changes observed in endometria of women using p-only contraceptives and provides an opportunity for functional studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term actions of etonogestrel and levonorgestrel on decidualized and non-decidualized endometrium in a mouse model mimic some effects of progestogen-only contraceptives in women

Morison¹,

Zhang²,

Kaitu’u-Lino³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

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“…With two modifications, the method of collection and quantitation of menstrual blood was essentially that described in two previous papers [10,11], In brief, pieces of sanitary tampon (Tampax Inc., Palmer, Mass.) were packed into the upper half of the vagina immediately prior to expected onset of menses or at the time menstruation was apparent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of suture to close the uterocutaneous canal during menses in fistulated monkeys as previosly described [11] was discontinued after discovering that minor amounts of menstrual blood escaped by this route. In some animals no blood was lost through the fistula, while in others a small ring of circum ferentially dried blood appeared around the abdominal stoma of the fistula.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter was collected into wet cotton sponges and included with vaginally collected discharge. In the original method [11], pads fashioned from gauze-covered cotton sponges were used for intravaginal blood collection. These pads, however, were not highly absorbent, and their rough gauze covering abraded the vaginal mucosa to produce significant oozing of blood from this source.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A technique for quantitating the volume of menstrual blood in rhesus monkeys was previously reported by this laboratory [11], The technique has since been improved and additional data has been derived for two experimental models as well as intact captive rhesus monkeys (M. mu latta).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Studies on Menstrual Blood Loss in Intact and Experimental Rhesus Monkeys

Poon¹,

Dl²,

Rv³

et al. 1973

J Med Primatol

Self Cite

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An improved method of measuring menstrual blood loss (MBL) in rhesus monkeys is developed and appears to be accurate within ± 10% of actual loss. MBL and intraindividual variations of MBL are measured in three groups of captive rhesus monkeys: intact, with surgical uterocutaneous fistulas, and ovariectomized with fistulas. On a volume per body weight basis, MBL of healthy, non-anemic women compares favorably to that of healthy female rhesus monkeys. Using duration of menses as an index of MBL is found to be of little value in practical applications.

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Translational In Vivo Models for Women’s Health: The Nonhuman Primate Endometrium—A Predictive Model for Assessing Steroid Receptor Modulators

Slayden

2015

New Approaches to Drug Discovery

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Macaques and baboons display physiological responses to steroid hormones that are similar to those of women. Herein, we describe various uses of nonhuman primates for preclinical studies on menstruation, endometriosis, and as a model system to evaluate reproductive therapies and contraceptives. Our goal is to outline the strengths of the nonhuman primate model for studies leading to improved therapies for women.

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Menstrual Blood Quantitation in the Rhesus Monkey: An Experimental Tool for Improving Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUDS)

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

The long-term actions of etonogestrel and levonorgestrel on decidualized and non-decidualized endometrium in a mouse model mimic some effects of progestogen-only contraceptives in women

The long-term actions of etonogestrel and levonorgestrel on decidualized and non-decidualized endometrium in a mouse model mimic some effects of progestogen-only contraceptives in women

Studies on Menstrual Blood Loss in Intact and Experimental Rhesus Monkeys

Translational In Vivo Models for Women’s Health: The Nonhuman Primate Endometrium—A Predictive Model for Assessing Steroid Receptor Modulators

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