Menstrual Cycle Differences Between Women With Type 1 Diabetes and Women Without Diabetes

Strotmeyer, Elsa S.; Steenkiste, Ann R.; Foley, Thomas P.; Berga, Sarah L.; Dorman, Janice S.

doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1016

Cited by 123 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…According to the results of earlier studies, menstrual problems (e.g. irregularity, long cycles) are more common among diabetic women than in the general population [8]. In men with type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction is more common than among nondiabetic men, prevalence increasing with longer disease duration [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fertility in people with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes

et al. 2012

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Aims/hypothesis To assess the number of live births in a population-based, retrospective cohort of women and men with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, and matched controls. Methods The reproductive histories of people in a Finnish cohort of 2,307 women and 2,819 men with type 1 diabetes and two matched controls (for each case) were obtained from National Population Register data. All persons with diabetes were diagnosed with the disease in 1965-1979 at the age of 17 or under. A proportional hazards model was used to model the association between the rate of live births as a function of the age of an individual and the observed covariates (sex and age at onset of diabetes).Results Both women and men with diabetes had a smaller number of live births than the controls; the HR of having a first child for diabetic women compared with controls was 0.66 (95% CI 0.62, 0.71) and for men was 0.77 (95% CI 0.72, 0.83). In women, a birth cohort effect was detected; in more recent birth cohorts, the difference between diabetic women and controls as regards having children was significantly smaller than in earlier cohorts. Later age at onset of diabetes was associated with a higher rate of having a first child among men (p00.04) and having a second live birth among women (p00.002). Conclusions/interpretation Type 1 diabetes affects the number of live births in both women and men. The age at onset of diabetes is associated with the pattern of reproduction in both diabetic women and men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fertility in people with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes

et al. 2012

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“…A further limitation was the lack of clinical distinction between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes has been associated with delayed menarche [19], so any effect of including participants with type 1 diabetes would have attenuated the association between earlier menarche and type 2 diabetes. However, sensitivity analyses showed very robust associations after excluding juvenile-onset diabetes or after restriction to incident cases (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between age at menarche and risk of diabetes in adults: results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis Earlier age at menarche is associated with increased BMI and obesity risk from early childhood through to adulthood. We hypothesised that earlier age at menarche would also predict subsequent diabetes risk. Methods This was a population-based prospective cohort study of 13,308 women, who were aged 40 to 75 years between 1993 and 1997 and participating in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk). We used data on age at menarche and ascertained diabetes incidence to 2005. Results There were 734 cases of diabetes (363 incident and 371 prevalent cases). Mean age at menarche was lower in women with diabetes than in non-diabetic women (12.8 vs 13.0 years, p=0.008). Compared with the earliest quintile (menarche at 8-11 years), women in the oldest quintile (menarche at 15-18 years) had lower BMI (25.5 vs 27.4 kg/m 2 , p<0.0001) and a reduced risk of diabetes (OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.51-0.86] adjusted for age, family history, physical activity, smoking, occupational social class, parity and use of hormonal preparations). The association between age at menarche and diabetes was linear (adjusted OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.87-0.96] per 1 year later menarche) and appeared to be completely mediated by adult BMI or waist circumference , further adjusted for BMI at age 40-75 years). Conclusions/interpretation Earlier age at menarche increases the risk of diabetes in women and this association appears to be mediated by increased adiposity. History of earlier menarche may help to identify women with increased subsequent risk of diabetes.

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“…Since hirsutism and menstrual disturbances are two clinical phenomena that are usually secondary to hyperandrogenaemia, the prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese women and those with T1DM would be expected to be higher than those found in the general female population (12,13,14,15,16). In women with T1DM, menstrual disorders have been associated with poor glycaemic control (15,17,18), weight gain (4) and high-insulin doses (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus despite different hormonal profiles

Samara-Boustani

Colmenares

Elie

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objectives: To compare the pubertal development, the hormonal profiles and the prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Data were collected from 96 obese adolescent girls and 78 adolescent girls with T1DM at Tanner stage IV or V, whose ages ranged between 11.9 and 17.9 years. Results: High prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorder was found in the obese adolescent girls (36.5 and 42% respectively) and the adolescent girls with T1DM (21 and 44% respectively). The obese girls were significantly younger at pubarche, thelarche and menarche than the girls with T1DM. Hirsutism in the obese girls and those with T1DM was associated with hyperandrogenaemia and a raised free androgen index (FAI). When the cause of the raised FAI was investigated in both the groups of girls with hirsutism, the raised FAI in the obese girls was due to low serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. In contrast, the raised FAI of the girls with T1DM and hirsutism was due to hyperandrogenaemia. Menstrual disorders in the T1DM girls were associated also with hyperandrogenaemia unlike obese girls. Conclusions: Hirsutism and menstrual disorders are common in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with T1DM. Although hyperandrogenaemia is present in both groups of girls, the androgenic profiles of the two groups differ. The hyperandrogenaemia in the obese girls is primarily due to their decreased serum SHBG levels, whereas the hyperandrogenaemia in the girls with T1DM is due to their increased androgen production.

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Menstrual Cycle Differences Between Women With Type 1 Diabetes and Women Without Diabetes

Cited by 123 publications

References 28 publications

Fertility in people with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes

Fertility in people with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes

Association between age at menarche and risk of diabetes in adults: results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study

High prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus despite different hormonal profiles

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