“…Studies have looked at links between depression and smoking (Weinberger & McKee, 2011; Wewers, et al, 2012), hormonal fluctuations and smoking (Allen, et al, 2008; Lynch, & Sofuoflu, 2010; Sofuoglu, Mouratidis, & Mooney, 2010) and hormonal fluctuations and depression (Allen, et al, 1999; Allen, et al, 2012; & Harvey, et al, 2009), but none have addressed the potential synergistic effects of sex hormones (as measured by the proxy menstrual phase) and depressive symptoms during smoking cessation. Given that the vast majority of premenopausal women relapse within the first few days of a quit attempt (Allen, et al, 2008), the present study was designed to examine the risk factors for smoking relapse within the first four days of abstinence.…”