Menstruation and Cardiovascular Vulnerability

Terplan, Martin

doi:10.1001/archinte.165.1.120-b

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In females, repeatedly altered haemoglobin status caused by menstruation might make the women’s cardiovascular system resistant to the change of haemoglobin levels. 25 Similar to our results, the Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk Study reported that elevated haemoglobin levels were associated with acute myocardial infarction only in men. 26 Another study analysing 18 413 participants over a mean 7±2 years of follow-up demonstrated that the highest quartiles of haemoglobin in both gender (154 g/L in male and 140 g/L in female) were associated with higher risk of incident stroke (HR, 1.59, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.35).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It is plausible that the dispersed distribution of haemoglobin in males might partly explain why male ICH patients were more vulnerable to elevated haemoglobin than females. In females, repeatedly altered haemoglobin status caused by menstruation might make the women’s cardiovascular system resistant to the change of haemoglobin levels 25. Similar to our results, the Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk Study reported that elevated haemoglobin levels were associated with acute myocardial infarction only in men 26.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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High haemoglobin levels and mortality in males with intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study

Zhang

Shu

et al. 2022

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo examine the association between high haemoglobin levels and outcomes in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in a multicentre cohort study.DesignProspective multicentre cohort study.Settings21 tertiary hospitals across mainland China.ParticipantsA total of 5318 consecutive in-hospital spontaneous ICH patients were recruited between January 2012 and June 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHaemoglobin levels were measured on admission. Binary or ordinary logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent relationship of haemoglobin level with clinical outcomes at 3 months, measured as death or disability. Restricted cubic spline regression was fitted to examine the potential non-linear shape of the dose–response curve between the whole haemoglobin levels and 3-month poor outcomes.ResultsA total of 5031 patients with ICH were analysed (64.3% male; mean age (SD), 57.8 (15.2) years). We found that the highest haemoglobin quintile was associated with poor outcomes 3 months in males (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.65, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.25) but not in females, which was also observed in the pooled analysis of three subcohorts in male patients (average aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.33). The spline regression suggested a non-linear association between haemoglobin levels and outcomes and a linear relationship was observed between an elevated haemoglobin level and 3-month disability/death in males (haemoglobin level per 10 g/L: aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.40, p<0.001), which was mediated by larger haematoma volume (effect size: 0.115, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.231).ConclusionsThis study found a sex-specific association between an elevated haemoglobin level and poor 3-month outcomes, which might be mediated by larger haematoma volume.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

High haemoglobin levels and mortality in males with intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study

Zhang

Shu

et al. 2022

BMJ Open

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“…This gender difference could be explained by hormesis. In other words, repeated low hemoglobin status caused by menstruation might make the women's cardiovascular system resistant to anemia or low hemoglobin concentration (30, 31). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin Concentration and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Men and Women - The Korean Heart Study

et al. 2013

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This study investigated the relationship between hemoglobin concentration and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A total of 407,858 subjects (256,851 men, aged 30-94 yr), who underwent physical examination at 17 Korean nationwide health examination centers, was included in this study. Data regarding CVD incidence were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance database. In Cox proportional hazard models, men with lower or higher hemoglobin level showed higher hazard ratios (HR) with total CVD (HR, 1.14; 95% Confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.21 for the 1st quintile; HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.21 for the 5th quintile), ischemic heart disease (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07-1.26 for the 1st quintile; HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07-1.25 for the 5th quintile), and stroke (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.25 for the 1st quintile; HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.30 for the 5th quintile) compared to those with mid-level of hemoglobin (3rd quintile). Women with higher hemoglobin level showed higher HR with total CVD (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31 for pre-menopausal women; HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.16 for post-menopausal women). We found an independent U-shaped association between hemoglobin level and CVD incidence in Korean population.

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Neutron star merger remnants: Braking indices, gravitational waves, and the equation of state

Lasky

Sarin

Ashton

2019

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The binary neutron star merger GW170817/GRB170817A confirmed that at least some neutron star mergers are the progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts. Many short gamma-ray bursts have long-term x-ray afterglows that have been interpreted in terms of post-merger millisecond magnetars-rapidly rotating, highly magnetised, massive neutron stars. We review our current understanding of millisecond magnetars born in short gamma-ray bursts, focusing particularly three main topics. First, whether millisecond magnetars really do provide the most plausible explain for the x-ray plateau. Second, determining and observing the gravitational-wave emission from these remnants. Third, determining the equation of state of nuclear matter from current and future x-ray and gravitational-wave measurements.

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Menstruation and Cardiovascular Vulnerability

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

High haemoglobin levels and mortality in males with intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study

High haemoglobin levels and mortality in males with intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study

Hemoglobin Concentration and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Men and Women - The Korean Heart Study

Neutron star merger remnants: Braking indices, gravitational waves, and the equation of state

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