Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents: Using the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign

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doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2481

Cited by 450 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Additionally, body composition was assessed using a Bodystat 1500 analyzer (Douglas, Isle of Man). Standard physical examination included the assessment of the hirsutism score on the Ferriman-Gallwey scale of ≥8 points [17]. Severity of acne using 10 points on the visual analogue scale (≥6 points was considered as severe), seborrhea and alopecia (the clinical markers of hyperandrogenism) were also assessed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Daughters of Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Olszanecka-Glinianowicz¹,

Zachurzok

Drosdzol–Cop

et al. 2016

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to assess whether circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOSd) correspond with clinical and biochemical features of hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary morphology and menstrual cycle disturbances. Methods: Menstrual cycle disturbances, hirsutism, acne and ultrasonographic ovarian morphology were assessed in 75 girls aged 13-18 years (35 PCOSd and 40 daughters of healthy women). Serum gonadotropins, androgens, sex hormone-binding globulin and plasma AMH were measured in a fasting state, and the free androgen index was calculated. Results: A significant correlation between the AMH level and mean ovary volume was found (r = 0.36; p < 0.01). AMH levels were not related to hirsutism, acne and polycystic ovary morphology. Significantly higher AMH levels were found only in PCOSd with irregular menstruation or secondary amenorrhea. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that in that group for each 1-ng/ml increase in the AMH level, the odds ratio of the PCOS occurrence in the future was increased 1.27 times (95% CI: 1.09-1.47; p < 0.01). Conclusions: A higher AMH level in PCOSd is associated with menstrual cycle disturbances and larger ovarian volume but not with clinical and biochemical features of hyperandrogenism. Thus, the risk for PCOS development among genetically predisposed girls may be related to increased AMH levels.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Daughters of Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Olszanecka-Glinianowicz¹,

Zachurzok

Drosdzol–Cop

et al. 2016

Horm Res Paediatr

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“…In women with adenomyosis and without, exactly half of them were in the secretory phase. Their amount of menses during menstruation was grouped into three classes: light, moderate, and heavy, depending on whether they changed their sanitary pads <3, between 3 and 6, or >6 times a day, respectively [23]. The severity of dysmenorrhea was classified according to the Verbal Descriptor Scale as mild, moderate, and severe, as reported previously [21,24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Immunoreactivity against Class I Histone Deacetylases in Adenomyosis

Liu

Nie

Guo

2012

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background/Aims: Adenomyosis is a common condition with a poorly understood pathogenesis. Recent data suggest that it may be an epigenetic disease. This study investigated the expression and localization of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in women with and without adenomyosis. Methods: The ectopic and homologous eutopic endometrium of 50 women with adenomyosis and the endometrium of 18 age- and menstrual phase-matched women without adenomyosis were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Tissue sections were immunostained with HDAC1, -2, and -3. Microscopic evaluation to assess the presence and localization of HDAC1–3 throughout the menstrual cycle in both eutopic endometrial and endometriotic tissues of women with adenomyosis was performed and compared with the normal endometrium. Results: We found that, compared with the normal endometrium, immunoreactivity against HDAC1 and HDAC3 was higher in both the eutopic and the ectopic endometrium. Increased HDAC2 in the eutopic endometrium was found to be associated with the severity of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Given the potential wide-ranging effect of histone deacetylation on gene expression, these findings suggest that HDACs may be involved in adenomyosis. They also suggest the possibility that HDAC2 may be involved in dysmenorrhea and its severity and that HDACs may be potential therapeutic targets in adenomyosis.

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“…The majority of our adolescents reported regular menses for their gynecological age [23]. The 2 girls with menstrual irregularities presented disorders affecting menstrual cycle as mild hyperprolactinemia or polycystic ovary syndrome [24]. In the latter, the family history demonstrated that the mother and the aunt were also affected by the same disorder, suggesting a familial inheritance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latter, the family history demonstrated that the mother and the aunt were also affected by the same disorder, suggesting a familial inheritance. In this patient, CPP likely represented an early manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome [24], and oligomenorrhea was not related to the previous GnRH analogue therapy. Transient mild increase of prolactin has been reported in girls who underwent triptorelin depot administration for CPP; however, the hormone values normalized within 6–12 months after the discontinuation of the GnRH analogue [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index and Body Composition in Adolescents Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Triptorelin Depot for Central Precocious Puberty: Data at Near Final Height

Chiocca

Dati²,

Baroncelli³

et al. 2009

Neuroendocrinology

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Background/Aim: In children with central precocious puberty (CPP), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue treatment has been associated with an increase in body mass index (BMI). We evaluated BMI and body composition in adolescents treated with GnRH analogue at their near final height to assess the long-term effects of therapy on these parameters. Patients and Methods: We studied 20 patients (14.8 ± 1.6 years; 17 females) previously treated with triptorelin depot for CPP (3.75 mg/28 days) from 8.1 ± 0.8 to 11.5 ± 0.8 years. 23 healthy adolescents with normal onset of puberty (14.7 ± 2.1 years, 19 females) were the controls. BMI and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Results: Patients reached their near adult height (–0.5 ± 1.1 standard deviation score (SDS)); the girls were menstruating and the majority (15/17) had regular cycles, the boys showed normal testicular function. BMI was unchanged from the start of GnRH analogue therapy (0.4 ± 1.0 SDS) to near adult height (0.2 ± 1.0 SDS, p = NS vs. 0). Total fat mass (TFM) was significantly increased (16,144 ± 8,065 g; controls 10,712.1 ± 4,120.4 g, p < 0.02); glucose homeostasis and lipid profile corresponded to reference ranges. Conclusions: GnRH analogue therapy did not show long-term detrimental effects on BMI, but it may increase TFM, suggesting that body composition should be monitored till adulthood.

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Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents: Using the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign

Cited by 450 publications

References 29 publications

Circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Daughters of Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Daughters of Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Elevated Immunoreactivity against Class I Histone Deacetylases in Adenomyosis

Body Mass Index and Body Composition in Adolescents Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Triptorelin Depot for Central Precocious Puberty: Data at Near Final Height

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