Mental disorders in ecstasy users: a prospective-longitudinal investigation

Lieb, Roselind; Schuetz, Christian; Pfister, Hildegard; Sydow, Kirsten von; Wittchen, Hans‐Ulrich

doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00190-4

Cited by 141 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

118

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our findings generally concur with those of Lieb et al (2002) in showing a higher prevalence of panic and phobia among current ecstasy users, despite differences in the exposure definition across study (i.e., ecstasy or related substances in the Lieb et al, 2002 analysis). Additionally, our finding that former ecstasy users had a high prevalence of current major depression (whereas there is no difference between current ecstasy users and lifetime non-users in the prevalence of current major depression) may be indicative of long-term adverse effects of ecstasy use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Past 12-month and lifetime comorbidity and poly-drug use of ecstasy users among young adults in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Keyes

Martins

Hasin

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-Ecstasy use is prevalent among young people and often co-occurs with other drug use, but little is known about the past 12-month and lifetime psychiatric comorbidity and specific additional drug abuse among young adult ecstasy users in the general population. To provide this information, we compared current ecstasy users to former users, other illicit drug users, and nonillicit drug users.Method-Data were gathered in a face-to-face survey of the United States conducted in the 2001-2002. Participants were household and group quarters residents aged 18-29 years (n = 8666). We measured current ecstasy use defined as any use in the past year; former ecstasy use as use prior to the past year only; other lifetime drug use included any drug other than ecstasy; lifetime non-illicit drug use as no illicit drug use. Associations were determined for nine other classes of illicit drugs, eight personality disorders, and seven mood and anxiety disorders.Results-Of current ecstasy users, 44% used >3 other classes of illicit drugs in the past year, compared to 1.6% of non-ecstasy drug users. Current ecstasy use was associated with current anxiety (OR = 3.7), specifically panic disorder (OR = 7.7) and specific phobia (OR = 4.1), also alcohol abuse (OR = 21.6) and dependence (OR = 4.1) and any personality disorder (OR = 5.1) compared to non-illicit drug users.Conclusions-Results indicate important differences in comorbidities of current and former ecstasy users compared to other drug users and lifetime non-illicit drug users that may affect

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Past 12-month and lifetime comorbidity and poly-drug use of ecstasy users among young adults in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Keyes

Martins

Hasin

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One study did not focus on delinquent behaviour (Lieb et al, 2002b) and another study found a relationship between anxious and depressive symptoms and ecstasy use, but no significant association between delinquent behaviour and ecstasy use (Huizink et al, 2006). Nevertheless, it is worth noting that a statistically non-significant increase in risk of ecstasy abuse was also evident amongst those with greater delinquent behaviour in this study (Huizink et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Longitudinal evidence on a relationship between behaviour and regular ecstasy use is scant ( [Huizink et al, 2006] and [Lieb et al, 2002b]). One study did not focus on delinquent behaviour (Lieb et al, 2002b) and another study found a relationship between anxious and depressive symptoms and ecstasy use, but no significant association between delinquent behaviour and ecstasy use (Huizink et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The few longitudinal studies that have assessed the nature of the relationship between common mental health disorders and ecstasy use have yielded inconsistent results ([de Win et al, 2006], [Huizink et al, 2006] and [Lieb et al, 2002b]). Two small sample size studies found no relationship ([de Win et al, 2006] and [de Win et al, 2007]), whereas two larger scale longitudinal studies found that anxiety and depression preceded ecstasy use disorders in early adulthood ( [Huizink et al, 2006] and [Lieb et al, 2002b]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathways to ecstasy use in young adults: Anxiety, depression or behavioural deviance?

Alati¹,

Kinner²,

Hayatbakhsh³

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AimsTo investigate pathways to ecstasy use disorders from pre-birth to early adulthood with particular attention to the relationship between early depressive and anxiety symptoms and later ecstasy use disorders. DesignProspective, longitudinal, population-based study started in Brisbane, South East Queensland (Australia) in 1981. Participants were 2143 young adults, followed up from pre-birth to young adulthood. MeasurementsEcstasy use disorders were assessed with the composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI-Auto). Maternal socio-economic position and mental health status were assessed at baseline (antenatal visit); maternal substance use was measured at the 5-year follow-up, adolescents' behaviour at the 5-and 14-year follow-up and tobacco and alcohol use were assessed at the 14-year follow-up. FindingsEight syndrome scales of childhood behaviour were examined. After adjustment for important confounders, delinquent and aggressive behaviour in early adolescence remained significantly associated with ecstasy use disorders in early adulthood. The associations became statistically non-significant when adolescent tobacco and alcohol use were included in the model [OR = 1.50 (95%CI = 0.75, 3.01) for delinquency and OR = 1.69 (95%CI = 0.92, 3.12) for aggression]. Formal mediation tests were statistically significant (p = 0.001 for delinquent behaviour and p = 0.05 for aggressive behaviour). ConclusionsOur findings suggest a pathway from early deviant behaviour to ecstasy use disorders, possibly mediated through licit drug experimentation in early adolescence.

show abstract

“…It is possible that these problematic ecstasy users were experiencing these problems prior to their ecstasy use given that a greater number of problematic ecstasy users reported psychiatric histories compared to nonproblematic ecstasy users; an account previously acknowledged by the authors (Soar & Parrott, 2002;Soar et al, 2006). Suggesting that pre-existing problems could be the cause of the drug use rather than the consequence; this has previously been shown by Lieb et al (2002) who reported that in a majority of cases ecstasy and other drug use was actually secondary to the onset of psychological problems. However, more recently Alati et al (2008) have prospectively shown that the psychopathology, such as anxiety and depression, did not precede ecstasy use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Attributions for psychobiological changes in ecstasy/MDMA and other polydrug users

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ecstasy [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)] use has been associated with a number of psychopathological problems. However, research suggests that reported symptoms might be associated more with heavy polydrug use in general rather than ecstasy per se. The current study aimed to determine the role of other drug use in reports of long-term effects by some ecstasy-polydrug users. Problematic ecstasy users ( n = 53), reporting problems which they attributed to ecstasy use, were compared with non-problematic ecstasy users ( n = 62), polydrug ( n = 62) and alcohol/nicotine using controls ( n = 111). Drug use was recorded, and positive and negative life changes were assessed along with which previous drug use, if any, they attributed these changes too. Both ecstasy groups reported higher drug use compared with polydrug controls. Polydrug and ecstasy users more often reported life changes compared with non-drug users, and ecstasy users appeared to experience more life changes than polydrug users, with problematic ecstasy users experiencing most alterations. Ecstasy users reported changes more to a combination of drugs than to one specific drug, suggesting that polydrug use in these groups has an impact on their life experiences. These findings emphasise that research into the psychological effects of ecstasy should not underestimate the role of other polydrug use.

show abstract

Mental disorders in ecstasy users: a prospective-longitudinal investigation

Cited by 141 publications

References 32 publications

Past 12-month and lifetime comorbidity and poly-drug use of ecstasy users among young adults in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Past 12-month and lifetime comorbidity and poly-drug use of ecstasy users among young adults in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Pathways to ecstasy use in young adults: Anxiety, depression or behavioural deviance?

Attributions for psychobiological changes in ecstasy/MDMA and other polydrug users

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About