Mental disorders in motherhood according to prepregnancy BMI and pregnancy-related weight changes—A Danish cohort study

Bliddal, Mette; Pottegård, Anton; Kirkegaard, Helene; Olsen, Jørn; Jørgensen, Jan Stener; Sørensen, Thorkild I A; Wu, Chunsen; Nøhr, Ellen Aagaard

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.053

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…We found an OR of 1.73 for women with obesity, indicating an even higher excess risk of depressive symptoms in our cohort of mothers. In a former study based on the DNBC, we found no increased risk for anxiety and/or depression in mothers with obesity over a 6‐year period . The outcome was defined by redeemed prescriptions and/or ICD10 codes, which might explain the differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Depressive symptoms in women's midlife in relation to their body weight before, during and after childbearing years

Bliddal

Pottegård

Kirkegaard

et al. 2016

Obesity Science & Practice

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SummaryObjectiveThis study aimed to examine how weight and weight changes related to pregnancy were associated with depressive symptoms 11–16 years after childbirth.MethodWe followed 16,998 first‐time mothers from the Danish National Birth Cohort up till 16 years after birth and estimated associations between depressive symptoms and pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (kg m−2), weight changes in different time periods, and BMI‐adjusted waist circumference 7 years after birth (WCBMI, cm). Depressive symptoms were estimated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10‐item scale. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsCompared with normal‐weight, we found that underweight, overweight and obesity were associated with greater odds of depressive symptoms (1.29, 1.24 and 1.73, respectively). Compared with weight change ±1 BMI unit during the total follow‐up period, greater odds for depressive symptoms were observed with weight loss (OR 1.14, 0.96–1.36) or gain of 2–2.99 kg m−2 (OR 1.11, 0.92–1.33) or gain of ≥3 kg m−2 (OR 1.68, 1.46–1.94). WCBMI > 2.2 cm was associated with greater odds of depressive symptoms (OR 1.16, 0.99–1.36) than waist circumference as predicted by BMI.ConclusionLow and high pre‐pregnancy BMI, weight changes and WCBMI larger than predicted were associated with more depressive symptoms in midlife.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Depressive symptoms in women's midlife in relation to their body weight before, during and after childbearing years

Bliddal

Pottegård

Kirkegaard

et al. 2016

Obesity Science & Practice

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“…These apparently inconsistent results may be explained by the findings in a Danish study, where both increases and decreases in weight in relation to previous weight were associated with depression and anxiety disorders [29]. Weight and its relation to depressive disorders in the pregnant woman merits further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pregestational Weight and Weight Gain during Pregnancy on Long-Term Risk for Diseases

2017

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse the impact of maternal BMI at start of pregnancy and maternal weight gain during pregnancy on the risk of various diseases later in life.MethodsIn a population-based cohort from southern Sweden, women with at least one delivery registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register ten or more years before answering a health questionnaire were identified (n = 13,608). Complete data were found in 3,539 women.ResultsWomen with BMI >25 at start of pregnancy had increased risk of developing obesity (OR 21.9), diabetes (OR 6.4), cardiac disease (OR 2.7), endocrine diseases (OR 2.3), and other morbidity (OR 1.4), compared with women of normal weight. A high weight gain (>15 kg) during pregnancy was associated to later risk of overweight (OR 2.0) and obesity (OR 2.2), but not diabetes, cardiac disease, or endocrine diseases. A positive association was found between low weight gain and the risk of developing psychiatric disorders (OR 1.6).ConclusionsA high BMI at start of pregnancy significantly increased the risk of several diseases later in life. However, a high weight gain during pregnancy was only significant for future overweight and obesity. These findings have implications for both pregestational intervention and post gestational follow up of obese and overweight women.

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“…Two‐thirds of women retain weight after pregnancy . The risk of depression and anxiety is significantly higher in women who retain two or more BMI units at 6 months postpartum . Women who gain excess weight during pregnancy are 2·15 times as likely to be overweight and 4·49 times as likely to be obese two decades later .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The risk of depression and anxiety is significantly higher in women who retain two or more BMI units at 6 months postpartum. 2 Women who gain excess weight during pregnancy are 2Á15 times as likely to be overweight and 4Á49 times as likely to be obese two decades later. 3 Unsuccessful postpartum weight loss is a risk factor for long-term obesity, 1,4 and postnatal adiposity tends to have centralized distribution thus increasing risk of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mean (AESD) of +1Á1 kg (AE7Á6 kg) at 14 months postpartum 6 ) with lower weight retention predicted by married status, lower gestational weight gain and longer breastfeeding. 6 Maternal depressed mood has also been associated with poorer postpartum weight loss trajectories, 2 and obesity is a risk factor for postnatal depression. 7 Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is common in obesity and mental health disorders, indicating a possible mechanistic link.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortisol metabolism, postnatal depression and weight changes in the first 12 months postpartum

Rogers

Hughes

Tomlinson

et al. 2016

Clinical Endocrinology

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Mental disorders in motherhood according to prepregnancy BMI and pregnancy-related weight changes—A Danish cohort study

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Depressive symptoms in women's midlife in relation to their body weight before, during and after childbearing years

Depressive symptoms in women's midlife in relation to their body weight before, during and after childbearing years

Impact of Pregestational Weight and Weight Gain during Pregnancy on Long-Term Risk for Diseases

Cortisol metabolism, postnatal depression and weight changes in the first 12 months postpartum

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