Mental distress and social conditions and lifestyle in northern Norway.

Hansen, Vidje; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.

doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6691.85

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although the rationale of abstracting three questions from the General Health Questionnaire could be argued, the decision to do so was based on a report that showed the three included questions to be good predictors of potential depression in the community. 13 The remaining health symptoms were those found to be associated with fibromyalgia in studies undertaken before the initial 1990 survey -for example, those of Campbell et al 14 However, it has been argued that, given the range of personal experiences and characteristics, and the social, economic, and cultural factors that influence pain perception, any study hoping to shed light on the causes or persistence of CWP should investigate all these areas for potential risk factors. 15 16 Subsequent community studies examining predictors of onset and persistence of fibromyalgia have shown the importance of factors such as illness behaviour, and (with more thorough evaluation than was available in this study) psychological distress, somatic symptoms, and fatigue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic widespread pain in the population: a seven year follow up study

Papageorgiou

2002

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

141

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Objectives: To document the natural course of chronic widespread pain (CWP) in a general population sample over a seven year period and to identify comorbidities which predict persistence. Methods: A mailed survey questionnaire returned by 2334 adults registered with two general practices was used to obtain information on pain status (no pain, regional pain, or CWP) and other health and pain symptoms. Seven years later a second questionnaire was sent to responders who were still registered with the same general practice, asking about their current pain status. Results: Information was obtained for 1386 adults (an adjusted response of 93%). The prevalence of CWP was similar for both surveys at 11% and 10% respectively. Of those with CWP initially, a third recorded CWP on the second survey and 15% were pain free. Only 2% of subjects with no initial pain had developed CWP at follow up. Of subjects with CWP on the initial survey who were aged over 50 years and reported dry eyes or mouth and daytime tiredness, 77% reported CWP seven years later. This contrasts with a persistence of only 9% for those aged under 50 and with neither symptom recorded at initial survey. Conclusion: The proportion of subjects from a general population sample changing from CWP to no pain, or vice versa, over a seven year period was very low. This suggests that pain, once established, is likely to persist (or recur) especially if accompanied by other somatic symptoms and older age.C ross sectional studies indicate that, at any time, about one in every 10 adults will experience chronic widespread pain (CWP). This is higher in women than in men and generally increases with age.1 2 No clear correlation between CWP and tenderness has been found in these community studies, which have concluded that "fibromyalgia" was the extreme end of a continuum of pain rather than a distinct entity, 2 3 a view reinforced by more recent research. 4Several subsequent studies have shown that CWP is associated with depression or other symptoms of psychological distressand with a constellation of other health symptoms.7 It has been proposed that this combination of symptoms could indicate that CWP forms one symptom of a more general process of somatisation. 8Although cross sectional studies can show an association between different symptoms, they are unable to disentangle the temporal relationship between health symptoms (such as psychological distress and somatisation) and CWP. To do so requires a prospective study based in the general population.In the past few years several population studies have reported on the course of chronic pain over time and factors associated with both the development and persistence of CWP. McBeth et al found that 56% of subjects with CWP still reported symptoms after one year, 9 whereas Macfarlane et al reported persistence at two years of 35%.6 Using an identical definition of CWP and examining a large general population sample the present study aimed to contribute further evidence by (a) documenting the natural course of chronic wid...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic widespread pain in the population: a seven year follow up study

Papageorgiou

2002

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

141

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“…We totalled the number of items that seemed to be favourable for mental and physical health of each subject and investigated the relationship with a total of 11 different perceived mental health symptoms. As for lifestyle factors, several studies have reported their influence on mental health by multivariate analyses (Cohen, Schwartz, Bromet, & Parkinson, 1991;Hansen & Jacobsen, 1989). As a comprehensive score of lifestyle, Morimoto et al recommended the Health Practice Index including working hours, and Breslow et al also recommended seven good health habits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of total number of favourable working conditions and lifestyle on mental health in Japanese workers in a large company

et al. 2003

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Healthy Work and Lifestyle Scores were totalled, and their influence on the prevalence of mental symptoms was investigated. A cross-sectional design was employed in this study. Participants were workers in a telecommunications enterprise who had received annual health check-ups from 1995 to 1997 and were between 20 and 59 years of age. A self-administered questionnaire survey obtaining information about sex, age, past history of disease, present illness, working conditions, lifestyle and subjective mental symptoms was conducted once a year. Workers with a past history of disease or present illness were excluded from the analysis. In total, 66 004 questionnaires were analysed in this study. Favourable lifestyles and working conditions were enumerated; Healthy Work and Lifestyle Scores were totalled, and their influence on mental symptoms was also investigated. It was found that for every year, the result of ANCOVA suggested that the lower the Healthy Work and Lifestyle Scores, the higher the age-adjusted mean number of perceived mental symptoms. The results of multiple comparisons revealed significant deterioration in the number of perceived mental symptoms in the groups whose Healthy Work and Lifestyle Scores were 0-4-, 5-and 6-point. This comprehensive score suggested that working conditions and lifestyle correlated with the mental health of Japanese workers.

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“…Females rated less type A behavior and hostility than males [51]. Accordingly, in a cross-sectional survey of risk factors for CHD, 13% of men and 17% of women reported having mental distress [52]. There were no distinct differences between the age groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were no distinct differences between the age groups. Single people, separated and divorced people and those who reported that the financial situation of the family during their childhood was difficult reported more mental problems [52]. Furthermore, in an investigation of possible triggers of acute myocardial infarction, the most common triggers were emotional upset (18%) and moderate physical activity (14%) [53].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Disorders and Coronary Heart Disease in Women – A Still Neglected Topic: Review of the Literature from 1971 to 2000

Bankier¹,

Littman²

2002

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in women aged over 40 years in the United States, for whom it conveys a worse prognosis than for men. Recently, psychosocial factors have been understood to represent significant risk factors for developing CHD, as well as having a worse outcome with established CHD. However, these factors are often overlooked, in particular comorbid psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms. To summarize the current knowledge in this interdisciplinary field, the authors conducted a review of CHD in women, taking into account psychosocial aspects, in particular psychiatric disorders. Methods: Medline searches using the keywords ‘psychiatric disorder’ and ‘coronary heart disease’ and ‘women’, and ‘psychiatric disorder’ and ‘cardiac disease’ and ‘women’, were performed, covering the time span from the beginning of the Medline database until January 1, 2001. Results: Quoted items included depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, mitral valve prolapse, chest pain, anorexia nervosa, menopause, alcohol abuse, cocaine use, sleep disorder, sexual dysfunction, hostility and type A behavior, as well as other psychosocial aspects. There is accumulating evidence of significant associations between psychosocial factors, in particular psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms, and the development and recurrence of CHD in women. Conclusions: However, in summary, the topic still seems to be neglected. Future research into psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms and CHD in women is strongly required, and the focus on women exclusively is underlined.

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Mental distress and social conditions and lifestyle in northern Norway.

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Chronic widespread pain in the population: a seven year follow up study

Chronic widespread pain in the population: a seven year follow up study

The influence of total number of favourable working conditions and lifestyle on mental health in Japanese workers in a large company

Psychiatric Disorders and Coronary Heart Disease in Women – A Still Neglected Topic: Review of the Literature from 1971 to 2000

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