Mental Health Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A 2-Wave Longitudinal Survey

Li, Yuanyuan; Zhao, Jingbo; Ma, Zijuan; McReynolds, Larkin S.; Lin, Dihuan; Chen, Zihao; Wang, Tong; Wang, Dongfang; Zhang, Yifan; Zhang, Jinfang; Fan, Fang; Liu, Xianchen

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.109

Cited by 292 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This result is similar to previous findings among medical students under normal conditions (44). In addition, the association between social support and poor mental health status is consistent with studies conducted among other populations during the COVID-19 pandemic (24)(25)(26). Poor mental health status among female medical students was also reported by other studies after COVID-19 (16,18,19) or the MERS outbreak (15), while this gender difference was not significant on normal days (40).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, previous research has poorly studied the possible effect of social support on medical students' mental health during epidemic outbreaks. Studies during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that low-level social support was associated with a higher risk of mild to severe depressive or anxiety symptoms among Chinese college students ( 24 ), Chinese adolescents ( 25 ), and British pregnant women ( 26 ). More perceived social support was associated with a decreased risk of sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation among the Taiwanese population ( 27 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association Between Social Support, COVID-19 Exposure, and Medical Students' Mental Health

et al. 2021

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Background: The coronavirus disease−2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has halted in-person medical education worldwide. Limited studies have reported on the mental health status of medical students during this public health emergency. This study aimed to explore the association of personal virus exposure, regional epidemic condition, and social support with medical students' depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.Methods: In February 2020, 5,982 medical students (60.0% females, Meanage = 21.7 years, Medianage = 22 years) completed an online survey consisting of demographics, personal virus exposure, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The prevalence rates of mild to severe depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were 35.2 and 22.8%, respectively. Multivariate linear regression showed that students with low- or medium-level social support had a higher risk of experiencing depressive or anxiety symptoms than those with high-level social support. COVID-19 exposure was positively associated with mild to severe depressive or anxiety symptoms. Respondents living in provinces with 500–1,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases had an increased risk of experiencing mild to severe depressive symptoms compared with those living in provinces with <100 cases. Other related factors were gender and years of training.Conclusions: Some medical students suffered from a poor psychological status during the COVID-19 outbreak. Low social support was a stronger factor related to poor mental status compared with COVID-19 exposure or the provincial epidemic condition. Thus, we suggest that colleges or universities provide social support and mental health screening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Social Support, COVID-19 Exposure, and Medical Students' Mental Health

et al. 2021

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“…This may be related to affective disorders, such as anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study suggested that less physical exercise was found to negatively impact anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 35 ]. However, in turn, anxiety and depression can cause a lack of motivation to exercise and eat healthily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Health Literacy, eHealth Literacy, and COVID-19–Related Health Behaviors Among Chinese College Students: Cross-sectional Online Study

Li¹,

Cui²,

Kaminga³

et al. 2021

J Med Internet Res

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Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the internet has significantly spread information, providing people with knowledge and advice about health protection regarding COVID-19. While a previous study demonstrated that health and eHealth literacy are related to COVID-19 prevention behaviors, few studies have focused on the relationship between health literacy, eHealth literacy, and COVID-19–related health behaviors. The latter includes not only preventative behaviors but also conventional health behaviors. Objective The objective of this study was to develop and verify a COVID-19–related health behavior questionnaire, explore its status and structure, and examine the associations between these behaviors and participants’ health literacy and eHealth literacy. Methods A snowball sampling method was adopted to recruit participants to complete anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire surveys online that assessed sociodemographic information, self-reported coronavirus knowledge, health literacy, eHealth literacy, and COVID-19–related health behaviors. Results Of 1873 college students who were recruited, 781 (41.7%) had adequate health literacy; the mean eHealth literacy score was 30.16 (SD 6.31). The COVID-19–related health behavior questionnaire presented a two-factor structure—COVID-19–specific precautionary behaviors and conventional health behaviors—with satisfactory fit indices and internal consistency (Cronbach α=.79). The mean score of COVID-19–related health behaviors was 53.77 (SD 8.03), and scores differed significantly (P<.05) with respect to residence, college year, academic major, family economic level, self-reported health status, having a family member or friend infected with coronavirus, and health literacy level. Linear regression analysis showed that health literacy and eHealth literacy were positively associated with COVID-19–specific precautionary behaviors (βhealth literacy=.149, βeHealth literacy=.368; P<.001) and conventional health behaviors (βhealth literacy=.219, βeHealth literacy=.277; P<.001). Conclusions The COVID-19–related health behavior questionnaire was a valid and reliable measure for assessing health behaviors during the pandemic. College students with higher health literacy and eHealth literacy can more actively adopt COVID-19–related health behaviors. Additionally, compared to health literacy, eHealth literacy is more closely related to COVID-19–related health behaviors. Public intervention measures based on health and eHealth literacy are required to promote COVID-19–related health behaviors during the pandemic, which may be helpful to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection among college students.

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“…According to the results of Li et al, the risk level of the community had a linear relationship with the psychological symptoms of the residents (Severe ≥ 10,000 confirmed cases: Hubei province; Moderate = 1000-9999 confirmed cases: Guangdong, Henan, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces; Mild ≤ 1000 confirmed cases: all other provinces) [30]. Budimir et al also thought that the risk level of the epidemic had a significant influence on mental health, e.g., depression, anxiety and insomnia [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychological Symptoms of College Student in China during the Lockdown of COVID-19 Epidemic

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 epidemic has had a huge impact on the mental state of human beings due to its high infection and fatality rates in early 2020. In this paper, a cross-sectional online survey was designed to understand the mental state of college students in a university located in Wuhan city during the lockdown. Out of 1168 respondents, above 50% participants had obvious fear and anxiety symptoms; anxiety and fear were 61.64% and 58.39%, respectively. Conformity (49.49%), invulnerability (26.11%), insensitivity (21.49%) and rebelliousness (12.41%) symptoms also appeared. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the senior students experienced more anxiety than the freshmen. Moreover, it was found that the psychological symptoms (except for the insensitivity symptom) had no significant difference in gender, residence and annual household income after the one-way analysis of variance.

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Mental Health Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A 2-Wave Longitudinal Survey

Cited by 292 publications

References 27 publications

The Association Between Social Support, COVID-19 Exposure, and Medical Students' Mental Health

The Association Between Social Support, COVID-19 Exposure, and Medical Students' Mental Health

Associations Between Health Literacy, eHealth Literacy, and COVID-19–Related Health Behaviors Among Chinese College Students: Cross-sectional Online Study

The Psychological Symptoms of College Student in China during the Lockdown of COVID-19 Epidemic

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