Mental Health Consequences of Chemical and Radiologic Emergencies

McCormick, Lisa Craft; Klapow, Joshua C.

doi:10.1016/j.emc.2014.09.012

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Losses due to shocking incidents such as the September 11 attacks are associated with even longer and intense periods of mourning 16. In addition, the fact that the Sewol ferry accident is classified as a man-made disaster can also affect the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms 36. It is also important to consider that participants are in the midst of political issues, and that the problems associated with reimbursement are continuing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Symptoms and Change of Complicated Grief among Bereaved Families of the Sewol Ferry Disaster: One Year Follow-up Study

et al. 2019

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Background The objective of this study was to determine whether severity and severity change of coexisting psychiatric symptoms might affect change of complicated grief (CG) regarding the Sewol ferry disaster. Methods Data from a cross-sectional survey were obtained 18 months (Time 1) and 30 months (Time 2) after the disaster. We ascertained sociodemographic variables and variables obtained from self-reporting questionnaires (i.e., CG, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], insomnia, embitterment, and suicidal risk) among 56 bereaved family members. Results Severity of other psychiatric symptoms at Time 1 had no effect on change of CG at Time 2. However, changes in severity of PTSD over a year affected change of CG. Conclusion It is important to evaluate changes in severity of PTSD and its treatment during management of CG, especially when it involves bereaved families experiencing a traumatic accident.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Symptoms and Change of Complicated Grief among Bereaved Families of the Sewol Ferry Disaster: One Year Follow-up Study

et al. 2019

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“…CBRN materials are perceived as dangerous, mysterious, undetectable, and novel to citizens, disaster managers, and even many healthcare providers. Uncertainty about exposure, fears of prophylactic medication and treatment shortages, as well as concerns about isolation and quarantine fuel distress and can increase risk for community fear (38).…”

Section: Exposure and Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Disasters and Mental Health: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions

2020

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Ecological disasters highlight the importance of understanding natural disasters as they relate to a changing global climate. Such disasters often have a predictable pattern of evolving over time and anticipated psychological and behavioral problems and community disruptions. Various factors enhance transmission of these adverse effects beyond the geographic location of the ecological disaster, with certain populations being particularly vulnerable to these effects. Understanding the range and pattern of these effects can aid in optimizing interventions. The use of evidence-informed interventions can reduce distress, enhance well-being, and improve functioning for affected individuals and communities. Effective preparedness involves an understanding of these factors, incorporation of them at all stages of disaster management, and continuous education and training for disaster planners and responders.

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“…Mass intoxication may result in respiratory failure or respiratory muscles paralysis that can lead to a high prevalence of mortality [6,17]. Nonetheless, many events that occurred in the past did not develop into such severe MCIs; the problem is that a mass psychogenic illness may evolve, enhanced by the confusion and excitement that are often associated with toxicological or chemical events [7,18].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Toxicological/chemical Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability to provide airway management, even before decontamination (thus requiring skills to provide these life-saving procedures while dressed in personal protective gear) is challenging and necessitates designated training and exercises [6,[27][28][29]. Effective mental health services and risk communication strategies need to be ready and instated to facilitate an immediate management of mass psychic traumas [13,18,30,31].…”

Section: Components Of Hospitals' Preparednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining Preparedness to Severe Though Infrequent Threats—Can It Be Done?

Siman‐Tov

Davidson

Adini

2020

IJERPH

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Background: A mass casualty incident (MCI) caused by toxicological/chemical materials constitutes a potential though uncommon risk that may cause great devastation. Presentation of casualties exposed to such materials in hospitals, if not immediately identified, may cause secondary contamination resulting in dysfunction of the emergency department. The study examined the impact of a longitudinal evaluation process on the ongoing emergency preparedness of hospitals for toxicological MCIs, over a decade. Methods: Emergency preparedness for toxicological incidents of all Israeli hospitals were periodically evaluated, over ten years. The evaluation was based on a structured tool developed to encourage ongoing preparedness of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), equipment and infrastructure, knowledge of personnel, and training and exercises. The benchmarks were distributed to all hospitals, to be used as a foundation to build and improve emergency preparedness. Scores were compared within and between hospitals. Results: Overall mean scores of emergency preparedness increased over the five measurements from 88 to 95. A significant increase between T1 (first evaluation) and T5 (last evaluation) occurred in SOPs (p = 0.006), training and exercises (p = 0.003), and in the overall score (p = 0.004). No significant changes were found concerning equipment and infrastructure and knowledge; their scores were consistently very high throughout the decade. An interaction effect was found between the cycles of evaluation and the hospitals’ geographical location (F (1,20) = 3.0, p = 0.056), proximity to other medical facilities (F (1,20) = 10.0 p = 0.005), and type of area (Urban vs. Periphery) (F (1,20) = 13.1, p = 0.002). At T5, all hospitals achieved similar high scores of emergency preparedness. Conclusions: Use of accessible benchmarks, which clearly delineate what needs to be continually implemented, facilitates an ongoing sustenance of effective levels of emergency preparedness. As this was demonstrated for a risk that does not frequently occur, it may be assumed that it is possible and practical to achieve and maintain emergency preparedness for other potential risks.

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Mental Health Consequences of Chemical and Radiologic Emergencies

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Posttraumatic Symptoms and Change of Complicated Grief among Bereaved Families of the Sewol Ferry Disaster: One Year Follow-up Study

Posttraumatic Symptoms and Change of Complicated Grief among Bereaved Families of the Sewol Ferry Disaster: One Year Follow-up Study

Ecological Disasters and Mental Health: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions

Maintaining Preparedness to Severe Though Infrequent Threats—Can It Be Done?

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