Mental health consequences of the San Ysidro McDonald's massacre: A community study

Hough, Richard L.; Vega, William A.; Cabrera, Ramón Valle; Kolody, Bohdan; Castillo, Richard Griswald del; Tarke, Henry

doi:10.1007/bf00975136

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For example, women who knew people involved in the McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California showed subclinical levels of posttraumatic stress disorder 6 months after the shooting (28). Victims of rape, parents of murdered children, and people experiencing the unexpected death of a family member or loved one also show long-term stress responding (29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Traumatic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Control and intrusive memories as possible determinants of chronic stress.

Baum

Cohen²,

Hall

1993

Psychosomatic Medicine

261

172

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Amidst confusion about the nature and usefulness of the stress construct and distinctions between acute and chronic stress, research has begun to identify mechanisms by which stress affects health and by which stress can persist beyond the physical presence of the stressor. In addition, research has begun to identify reasons for selective vulnerability to chronic stress. One of the possible reasons for chronic stress following traumatic events is the disorganizing effect of loss of control and violation of expectations for regulating aspects of one's life normally under control. Data from a longitudinal study of chronic stress at Three Mile Island in the wake of the nuclear accident there suggest that loss of control and frequent experience of intrusive memories about the accident and its aftermath were related to persistent stress responding several years after the accident. The relationships between stress responding and conditioning and consolidation of stressful memories are considered as a basis for persistent intrusive memories and chronic stress.

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Section: Traumatic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Control and intrusive memories as possible determinants of chronic stress.

Baum

Cohen²,

Hall

1993

Psychosomatic Medicine

261

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among the studies that assessed the link between PTSD and social support in the Ozer and associates (2003) metaanalysis, many did not measure the same construct. For instance, one assessed the availability of at least one confidant (Hough et al, 1990), whereas another measured the number of network members giving support (Sutker, Davis, Uddo, & Ditta, 1995), and yet another measured leader support during war (Wolfe et al, 1998).…”

Section: P O T E N T I a L R E S E A R C H A V E N U E S Specificatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the links between posttraumatic stress disorder and social support: Processes and potential research avenues

2006

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Social support after a traumatic event is linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the ways in which social support influences the adaptation to trauma and development of PTSD. The aim of the present article is threefold: to outline the various processes by which social support is linked to PTSD, to review the most relevant research in the field, and to suggest potential future research.

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“…TRAUMA, VIOLENCE, & ABUSE California, higher prevalences of severe PTSD were documented among community members with lower income or who were unemployed, relative to their counterparts (Hough et al, 1990). Lower education was also associated with higher PTSS among survivors of the 1992 St. Louis courthouse shooting (Johnson et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

The Mental Health Consequences of Mass Shootings

Lowe

Galea

2016

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

195

123

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Mass shooting episodes have increased over recent decades and received substantial media coverage. Despite the potentially widespread and increasing mental health impact of mass shootings, no efforts to our knowledge have been made to review the empirical literature on this topic. We identified 49 peer-reviewed articles, comprised of 27 independent samples in the aftermath of 15 mass shooting incidents. Based on our review, we concluded that mass shootings are associated with a variety of adverse psychological outcomes in survivors and members of affected communities. Less is known about the psychological effects of mass shootings on indirectly exposed populations; however, there is evidence that such events lead to at least short-term increases in fears and declines in perceived safety. A variety of risk factors for adverse psychological outcomes have been identified, including demographic and pre-incident characteristics (e.g., female gender and pre-incident psychological symptoms), event exposure (e.g., greater proximity to the attack and acquaintance with the deceased), and fewer psychosocial resources (e.g., emotion regulation difficulties and lower social support). Further research that draws on pre-incident and longitudinal data will yield important insights into the processes that exacerbate or sustain post-incident psychological symptoms over time and provide important information for crisis preparedness and post-incident mental health interventions.

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Mental health consequences of the San Ysidro McDonald's massacre: A community study

Abstract: Thk paper reports on the reactions of a portion of the population of

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Control and intrusive memories as possible determinants of chronic stress.

Control and intrusive memories as possible determinants of chronic stress.

Exploring the links between posttraumatic stress disorder and social support: Processes and potential research avenues

The Mental Health Consequences of Mass Shootings

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