Mental health consumer and caregiver perceptions of stigma in Australian community pharmacies

Knox, Kathy; Fejzic, Jasmina; Mey, Amary; Fowler, Jane; Kelly, Fiona; McConnell, Denise; Hattingh, Laetitia; Wheeler, Amanda

doi:10.1177/0020764013503149

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Indeed, inadequate privacy in pharmacies could impact on consumers’ lack of appreciation for the changed role of community pharmacists. Research with mental health consumers similarly identified a lack of knowledge and/or appreciation amongst some consumers and carers about advanced pharmacy services . A Welsh study investigating the importance of professionalism in pharmacy practice showed clients often lack trust in speaking with pharmacists if there is no privacy …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of community pharmacy space to enhance privacy: a qualitative study

Hattingh

Emmerton

Tin

et al. 2015

Health Expectations

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BackgroundCommunity pharmacists require access to consumers’ information about their medicines and health‐related conditions to make informed decisions regarding treatment options. Open communication between consumers and pharmacists is ideal although consumers are only likely to disclose relevant information if they feel that their privacy requirements are being acknowledged and adhered to.ObjectiveThis study sets out to explore community pharmacy privacy practices, experiences and expectations and the utilization of available space to achieve privacy.MethodsQualitative methods were used, comprising a series of face‐to‐face interviews with 25 pharmacists and 55 pharmacy customers in Perth, Western Australia, between June and August 2013.ResultsThe use of private consultation areas for certain services and sensitive discussions was supported by pharmacists and consumers although there was recognition that workflow processes in some pharmacies may need to change to maximize the use of private areas. Pharmacy staff adopted various strategies to overcome privacy obstacles such as taking consumers to a quieter part of the pharmacy, avoiding exposure of sensitive items through packaging, lowering of voices, interacting during pharmacy quiet times and telephoning consumers. Pharmacy staff and consumers regularly had to apply judgement to achieve the required level of privacy.DiscussionManagement of privacy can be challenging in the community pharmacy environment, and on‐going work in this area is important. As community pharmacy practice is increasingly becoming more involved in advanced medication and disease state management services with unique privacy requirements, pharmacies’ layouts and systems to address privacy challenges require a proactive approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of community pharmacy space to enhance privacy: a qualitative study

Hattingh

Emmerton

Tin

et al. 2015

Health Expectations

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“…We developed a web‐based mental health promotion intervention using the intervention mapping framework . The content, learning techniques and delivery mode for the intervention were informed by a needs assessment undertaken with Australian pharmacy staff and mental health consumers and carers who use community pharmacies . A review of the literature was also undertaken to inform the study and development of questionnaires …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Personal consumer narratives, which we incorporated into the intervention materials, are a form of experiential learning technique known to achieve greater impact in reducing stigma than traditional educational approaches such as lectures . Additionally, the intervention incorporated other experiential learning techniques, such as real‐life scenarios and role‐plays, raising awareness of privacy and confidentiality issues, and the impact this can have on stigma (both self‐stigma and social stigma) when not respected, to provide participants with multiple and varied opportunities to interact with the information and improve understanding and confidence . This multifaceted and innovative intervention program was delivered in a flexible web‐based mode with a series of discrete modules proven to enhance accessibility and uptake …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A web‐based mental health promotion intervention for pharmacy staff to reduce stigmatising and discriminating attitudes

Wheeler

Mey

Fowler

et al. 2018

Health Prom J of Aust

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Issue addressed Stigma and discrimination can have a significant impact on successful mental health recovery. This research evaluated the effectiveness of a web‐based mental health promotion intervention on stigma and discrimination in community pharmacies via assessment of staff attitudes, confidence and skills. Methods Guided by the intervention mapping framework, we used experiential learning techniques, including pre‐recorded consumer/carer narratives, role‐plays and panel discussions accessed by participants in an innovative, flexible, web‐based, program of modules. A quasi‐experimental pre‐post design was used to evaluate the intervention effectiveness. Participants completed pre‐ (T1) and post‐intervention (T2) questionnaires that contained both validated measures and questions developed or adapted specifically for this evaluation. Results 566 pharmacy staff (357 pharmacists, 209 support staff) completed the intervention between September 2012 and May 2013; pharmacists completed eight online modules (4‐hours total), support staff completed four (2‐hours total). After participating, staff attitudes about mental health had changed in a positive direction; their confidence and skills when working with consumers and their carers had increased overall, although support staff remained less confident than pharmacists. Conclusion These results suggest that the involvement of consumers and carers in the intervention development and delivery was integral to reducing pharmacy staff stigma and enhancing confidence and communication skills.

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“…This qualitative study was conducted in Queensland, New South Wales and Western Australia in 2011 and 2012 as part of a larger project, with additional findings reported elsewhere . Ethics approval was obtained from a university Human Research Ethics Committee (PHM/13/11/HREC).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Australian mental health consumers and carers expect more health management information from community pharmacy

Fejzic

Knox

Hattingh

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objective To identify the health management information needs of Australian mental health consumers and carers and explore the role of community pharmacy in meeting those needs. Method Interviews and focus groups were conducted with a purposive convenience sample of 74 mental health consumers and carers across three Australian states, representing metropolitan, rural and remote settings, including those with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Recruitment and interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Interviews and group discussions were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were managed using NVivo â software. A 'coding framework' or set of themes was created, and all transcripts were coded accordingly. Thematic analysis was informed by a general inductive approach.Results Participants had unmet needs for information from community pharmacy. They expressed the requirement for receiving easy-to-understand, relevant medication information about mental health management from community pharmacy staff, communicated in a respectful way, with clear and comprehensive medication labelling, while respecting consumer privacy. Conclusion The information needs of mental health consumers and carers remain largely unmet within Australian community pharmacy. This was particularly evident regarding the provision of information about adverse effects of medicines. The overall perceived lack of information is experienced as disempowering.Practice implications Australian community pharmacy is well placed to respond to the unmet demand for information needs of mental health consumers and carers. While many community pharmacies are embracing the principles of patient-centred care, there is an opportunity to optimise the quality of care provided to mental health consumers and carers.

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Mental health consumer and caregiver perceptions of stigma in Australian community pharmacies

Abstract: Findings provide insight into the stigma of mental illness in community pharmacies.

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

Utilization of community pharmacy space to enhance privacy: a qualitative study

Utilization of community pharmacy space to enhance privacy: a qualitative study

A web‐based mental health promotion intervention for pharmacy staff to reduce stigmatising and discriminating attitudes

Australian mental health consumers and carers expect more health management information from community pharmacy

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