Mental Health Disparities, Treatment Engagement, and Attrition Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities with Severe Mental Illness: A Review

Maura, Jessica; Mamani, Amy Weisman de

doi:10.1007/s10880-017-9510-2

Cited by 208 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…34 Although little evidence exists to suggest that traditional healers change the course of SMI, individuals with SMI may commonly seek help from traditional/spiritual healers as a means to cope with their illness, which may delay taking medication. 35,36 The decrease of the rates of ever having been treated with traditional Chinese medicine or by traditional/spiritual healers from 1994 to 2015 may be related to the increase in knowledge about mental illness, the availability of mental health facilities and the change in help-seeking behaviour with socioeconomic development. 7,21…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in treatment status of patients with severe mental illness in rural China, 1994–2015

et al. 2019

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BackgroundAlthough it is crucial to improve the treatment status of people with severe mental illness (SMI), it is still unknown whether and how socioeconomic development influences their treatment status.AimsTo explore the change in treatment status in people with SMI from 1994 to 2015 in rural China and to examine the factors influencing treatment status in those with SMI.MethodTwo mental health surveys using identical methods and ICD-10 were conducted in 1994 and 2015 (population ≥15 years old, n = 152 776) in the same six townships of Xinjin County, Chengdu, China.ResultsCompared with 1994, individuals with SMI in 2015 had significantly higher rates of poor family economic status, fewer family caregivers, longer duration of illness, later age at first onset and poor mental status. Participants in 2015 had significantly higher rates of never being treated, taking antipsychotic drugs and ever being admitted to hospital, and lower rates of using traditional Chinese medicine or being treated by traditional/spiritual healers. The factors strongly associated with never being treated included worse mental status (symptoms/social functioning), older age, having no family caregivers and poor family economic status.ConclusionsSocioeconomic development influences the treatment status of people with SMI in contemporary rural China. Relative poverty, having no family caregivers and older age are important factors associated with a worse treatment status. Culture-specific, community-based interventions and targeted poverty-alleviation programmes should be developed to improve the early identification, treatment and recovery of individuals with SMI in rural China.Declaration of interestNone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in treatment status of patients with severe mental illness in rural China, 1994–2015

et al. 2019

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“…Further, this review did not adequately address the risk factor of race and ethnicity. Although research indicated that White/Caucasian ethnicity was a risk factor for disordered eating behaviors among the LGBT subgroups, it should also be recognized that historically, there has been a racial disparity in access to mental health care, with racial minorities being less likely to seek treatment for mental health (i.e., [ 114 ]). Therefore, future research should assess whether racial identity is truly a risk factor, or if the difference in rates of disordered eating behaviors may be due to lack of access to the necessary mental health care.…”

Section: General Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors in the LGBT population: a review of the literature

2020

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Background According to past research, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals experience a higher prevalence of psychopathology, which is attributable to the increased stress (i.e., stigma and prejudice) that they experience, as detailed by the minority stress model (MSM). Main This current literature review examined the empirical literature regarding the rates and types of, and risk factors for eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors in LGBT adults and adolescents, in addition to each individual subgroup (i.e., lesbians, gay males, bisexuals, transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals). Conclusion LGBT adults and adolescents experience greater incidence of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Additionally, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults and adolescents were all at increased risk for eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Mixed results were found for lesbian adults and adolescents. Results are discussed within the framework of the MSM.

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“…45 We were not able to address whether individuals with a poorer illness course were more delayed in receiving treatment. Furthermore, racial/ethnic disparities in mental health access and treatment 46 and in the success of treatments 47 may have contributed to the observation that minority individuals had a poorer course of illness. Increasing access to early intervention is especially critical for individuals with demographic and symptomatic/ illness profiles that bode poorly for long-term outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying Mood Symptom Trajectories in Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder

Weintraub

Schneck

Axelson

et al. 2020

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective: The Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth study found that children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders followed 1 of 4 distinct mood trajectories over 8 years of follow-up, with as many as 25% of participants showing a predominantly euthymic course. We evaluated whether similar patterns of illness course are observed in adolescents with bipolar I and II disorder who participated in a 2-year clinical trial. Method: A total of 144 adolescents with bipolar I or II disorder, identified shortly after a mood episode, were assessed over a 2-year period. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 2 psychosocial family treatments during the first 9 months of the study, and pharmacotherapy was provided throughout the 2 years. Using latent class growth analyses, we classified participants into distinct courses of illness based on mood ratings collected over the 2 years. We examined demographic and illness variables as predictors of these course classifications. Results: Latent class growth analyses indicated four mood trajectories: "predominantly euthymic" (29.9% of sample), "ill with significantly improving course" (11.1%), "moderately euthymic" (26.4%), and "ill with moderately improving course" (32.6%). Adolescents in these classes were euthymic 77.7%, 53.6%, 44.1%, and 18.6% of the weeks of follow-up, respectively. Psychosocial treatment condition and baseline medication exposure were not associated with trajectories. However, youth with more severe baseline depressive symptoms, suicidality, lower quality of life scores, and minority race/ ethnicity had more symptomatic courses of illness over time. Conclusion: A substantial proportion (25%À30%) of youth with bipolar I or II disorder maintain euthymic states over extended periods of follow-up. Identifying youth who are more and less likely to remain stable over time may help guide psychosocial and pharmacological treatments after an illness episode.

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Mental Health Disparities, Treatment Engagement, and Attrition Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities with Severe Mental Illness: A Review

Cited by 208 publications

References 118 publications

Changes in treatment status of patients with severe mental illness in rural China, 1994–2015

Changes in treatment status of patients with severe mental illness in rural China, 1994–2015

Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors in the LGBT population: a review of the literature

Classifying Mood Symptom Trajectories in Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder

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