Mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers

García‐Fernández, Lorena; Romero‐Ferreiro, Verónica; López-Roldán, Pedro; Padilla, Sergio; Calero-Sierra, Irene; Monzó‐García, María; Pérez-Martín, Jorge; Rodríguez‐Jiménez, Roberto

doi:10.1017/s0033291720002019

Cited by 132 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In terms of impact on different health professionals, a recent study ( Zhang et al., 2020b ) comparing medical HCWs (927) to non-medical HCWs (1,255) demonstrated significantly higher levels of insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in medical HCWs. A Spanish study ( García-Fernández et al., 2020 ) also found that HCWs (613) had higher symptoms of acute stress than compared with non-HCWs (164). Similarly, anxiety and insomnia were significantly higher in frontline HCWs compared to non-frontline HCWs ( Wańkowicz et al., 2020 ; Lin et al., 2020 ; Cai et al., 2020b ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…(2020) ( Du et al., 2020 ) China Cross-sectional COVID-19 134 health care workers (60 from Wuhan and 74 from outside Wuhan) 5 days, February 2020 PSS and BDI-II Elbay et al. (2020) ( Elbay et al., 2020 ) Turkey Cross-sectional COVID-19 442 physicians 5 days, March 2020 DAS-21 Garcia-Fernandez (2020) ( García-Fernández et al., 2020 ) Spain Cross-sectional COVID-19 781 health care workers (385 physicians, 233 nurses and 164 other professionals) 8 days, March to April 2020 HARS, BDI and ASDI Hong et al. (2020) ( Hong et al., 2020 ) China Cross-sectional COVID-19 4,692 nurses 7 days, February 2020 PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PHQ-15 Hu et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the studies included in this review assessed the psychological impact of severe epidemics on HCWs. The most common psychiatric disorders diagnosed were post-trauma stress syndrome (PTSS), depression and anxiety, as assessed in 32 studies ( Ji et al., 2017 ; Wu et al., 2009 ; Chan and Huak, 2004 ; Rossi et al., 2020 ; García-Fernández et al., 2020 ; Liu et al., 2020a ; Kang et al., 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2020b ; Mo et al. ; Zhou et al., 2020 ; Xiaoming et al., 2020 ; Wilson et al., 2020 ; Wasim et al., 2020 ; Wańkowicz et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2020 ; Tian et al., 2020 ; Shechter et al., 2020 ; Sandesh et al., 2020 ; Pouralizadeh et al., 2020 ; Liu et al., 2020b ; Lin et al., 2020 ; Korkmaz et al., 2020 ; Juan et al., 2020 ; Hu et al., 2020 ; Hong et al., 2020 ; Elbay et al., 2020 ; Du et al., 2020 ; Di Tella et al., 2020 ; Chew et al., 2020 ; Cai et al., 2020b ; An et al., 2020 ; Bai et al., 2004 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review

Cabarkapa

Nadjidai

Murgier

et al. 2020

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

443

480

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Background As the world is battling the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline health care workers (HCWs) are among the most vulnerable groups at risk of mental health problems. The many risks to the wellbeing of HCWs are not well understood. Of the literature, there is a paucity of information around how to best prevent psychological distress, and what steps are needed to mitigate harm to HCWs’ wellbeing. Methods A systematic review using PRISMA methodology was used to investigate the psychological impact on HCWs facing epidemics or pandemics, using three electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and CINAHL), dating back to 2002 until the 21st of August 2020. The search strategy included terms for HCWs (e.g., nurse and doctor), mental health (e.g., wellbeing and psychological), and viral outbreaks (e.g., epidemic and pandemic). Only studies with greater than 100 frontline HCWs (i.e. doctors or nurses in close proximity to infected patients) were included. Results A total of 55 studies were included, with 53 using quantitative methodology and 2 were qualitative. 50 of the quantitative studies used validated measurement tools while 5 used novel questionnaires. The studies were conducted across various countries and included people with SARS (13 studies), Ebola (1), MERS (3) and COVID-19 (38). Findings suggest that the psychological implications to HCWs are variable with several studies demonstrating an increased risk of acquiring trauma or stress-related disorders, depression and anxiety. Fear of the unknown or becoming infected were at the forefront of the mental challenges faced. Being a nurse and being female appeared to confer greater risk. The perceived stigma from family members and society heightened negative implications; predominantly stress and isolation. Coping strategies varied amongst the contrasting sociocultural settings and appeared to differ amongst doctors, nurses and other HCWs. Implemented changes, and suggestions for prevention in the future consistently highlighted the need for greater psychosocial support and clearer dissemination of disease-related information. Conclusion This review can inform current and future research priorities in the maintenance of wellbeing amongst frontline HCWs. Change needs to start at the level of policy-makers to offer an enhanced variety of supports to HCWs who play a critical role during largescale disease outbreaks. Psychological implications are largely negative and require greater attention to be mitigated, potentially through the involvement of psychologists, raised awareness and better education. The current knowledge of therapeutic interventions suggests they could be beneficial but more long-term follow-up is needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review

Cabarkapa

Nadjidai

Murgier

et al. 2020

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

443

480

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this sense, the lack of prevention in health supplies was linked to the risk of contagion, user demand, patient morbidity, and the risk of death increasing the burden of stress on health personnel, as well as increasing pressure, concern, and anxiety levels in said personnel [ 49 ]. In this line, García-Fernández et al [ 50 ] found, in their research, higher levels of stress and anxiety in health professionals who considered the level of protection in their work environment insufficient or inadequate, while those who had access to adequate protection presented emotional well-being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Predictive Study of Resilience and Its Relationship with Academic and Work Dimensions during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Román-Mata

Zurita-Ortega

Puertas-Molero

et al. 2020

JCM

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Background: The aim of the present study was to describe the resilience levels in a Spanish population during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and to analyze the existing associations between high resilience and socio-demographic, work, and academic parameters. Method: 1176 individuals aged 18–67 years participated in a descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were administered the 10-item resilience scale developed by Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC-10) and an ad-hoc questionnaire that collected information on socio-demographic, work, and academic variables. Basic descriptive data were used to statistically analyze the data, and a binary logistic regression model was developed incorporating the professional occupation, academic level, whether the respondent worked in emergency services, and whether the respondent had dependents. Results: Slightly more than a quarter of the participants showed low resilience, almost half reported moderate resilience, and slightly more than a quarter had high resilience. Those who were employed were 2.16-times more likely to have high resilience, whilst those with higher education were 1.57-times more likely. Those working in emergency services were 1.66-times more likely, and those with dependents were 1.58-times more likely to have high resilience. Conclusion: In addition to the relationships found, a need to improve the resilience levels in the population was found.

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“…HCW working during the COVID-19 outbreak who felt that they did not receive sufficient information, scored significantly higher on anxiety and acute stress than those who were satisfied with the information provided (43).…”

Section: Social Factorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Factors associated with psychological distress in health-care workers during an infectious disease outbreak: A rapid living systematic review

Sirois

Owens²

2020

Preprint

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Background: Health-care workers (HCW) are at risk for psychological distress during an infectious disease outbreak due to the demands of dealing with a public health emergency. Aims: To examine the factors associated with psychological distress among HCW during an outbreak. Method: We conducted a rapid review of the factors associated with psychological distress (demographic characteristics, occupational, social, psychological, and infection-related factors) in HCW during an outbreak (COVID-19, SARS, MERS, H1N1, H7N9, Ebola). Four electronic databases (Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and the first 10 pages of Google Scholar) were searched (2000 to 10 July 2020) for relevant peer-reviewed research with a sample size >80. Results: From the 3335 records identified, 52 with data from 54,800 HCW were included. All but two studies were cross-sectional. Consistent evidence indicated that being female, a nurse, experiencing stigma, maladaptive coping, having contact or risk for contact with infected patients, and being quarantined, were risk factors for psychological distress among HCW. Personal and organisational social support, perceiving control, positive work attitudes, sufficient information about the outbreak and proper protection, training and resources, were associated with less psychological distress. Conclusions: This review highlighted the profiles of HCW who may be most at risk for psychological distress during an outbreak as well as several potential targets for interventions to reduce distress. More research is needed to track the associations of these factors with distress over time and the extent to which certain factors are inter-related and linked to sustained or transient distress.

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Mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers

Cited by 132 publications

References 5 publications

The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review

The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review

A Predictive Study of Resilience and Its Relationship with Academic and Work Dimensions during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Factors associated with psychological distress in health-care workers during an infectious disease outbreak: A rapid living systematic review

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