Mental health needs, service use and costs among Somali refugees in the UK

McCrone, Paul; Bhui, Kamaldeep; Craig, Tom; Mohamud, Salaad; Warfa, Nasir; Stansfeld, Stephen; Thornicroft, Graham; Curtis, Sarah

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00494.x

Cited by 81 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although Somalis may report better mental health than other refugee groups [20], studies also suggest that they do not access care according to need [9]. Iranian men and women were the group most likely to have had a P-consultation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health of Refugees and Non-refugees from War-Conflict Countries: Data from Primary Healthcare Services and the Norwegian Prescription Database

Straiton

Reneflot

Díaz

2016

J Immigrant Minority Health

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High rates of mental health problems are consistently found among immigrants from refugee generating countries. While refugees and their family members may have experienced similar traumas, refugees are more likely to have undergone a stressful asylum period. This study aims to determine whether their mental health differs. Using national registry data, refugees and non-refugees from the same countries were compared on primary healthcare service use for mental health problems and purchase of psychotropic medicine. Refugees had higher odds of using primary health care services than non-refugees. Refugee women were more likely to purchase psychotropic medicine than non-refugee women. Refugee men were more likely to purchase anti-depressants. The findings suggest that refugees have poorer mental health than non-refugees. This may be due to a combination of greater pre-migration trauma and post-migration stressors such as enduring a difficult asylum period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health of Refugees and Non-refugees from War-Conflict Countries: Data from Primary Healthcare Services and the Norwegian Prescription Database

Straiton

Reneflot

Díaz

2016

J Immigrant Minority Health

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“…There have been a number of studies concerning refugees and refugee children according to country of origin e.g., (Montgomery 1998;McCrone et al 2005;Geltman et al 2005;Momartin et al 2006). However, as can be seen from the studies in this review, there also needs to be standardization of measuring tools so that results can be compared across contexts.…”

Section: Country Of Origin and Push Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Psychological Distress in Refugee Children: A Systematic Review

Bronstein

Montgomery

2011

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

526

324

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Nearly one-quarter of the refugees worldwide are children. There have been numerous studies reporting their levels of psychological distress. The aim of this paper is to review systematically and synthesize the epidemiological research concerning the mental health of refugee children residing in Western countries. A Cochrane Collaboration style review was conducted searching nine major databases, bibliographies, and grey literature from 2003 to 2008. Included studies had to meet the reporting standards of STROBE and investigate mental health in non-clinical samples of asylum seeking and refugee children residing in OECD countries. A total of twenty-two studies were identified of 4,807 retrieved citations, covering 3,003 children from over 40 countries. Studies varied in definition and measurement of problems, which included levels of post-traumatic stress disorder from 19 to 54%, depression from 3 to 30%, and varying degrees of emotional and behavioral problems. Significant factors influencing levels of distress appear to include demographic variables, cumulative traumatic pre-migration experiences, and post-migration stressors. Importantly, the research base demands greater contextual and methodological refining such that future research would have greater generalizability and clinical implications.

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“…Although major depressive disorder is associated with considerable economic costs (10,11), as are other mental disorders (12)(13)(14), the costs of minor depression remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic costs of minor depression: a population‐based study

Cuijpers

Smit

Oostenbrink

et al. 2007

Acta Psychiatr Scand

206

149

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de Graaf R, ten Have M, Beekman A. Economic costs of minor depression: a population-based study.Objective: Although the clinical relevance of minor depression has been demonstrated in many studies, the economic costs are not well explored. In this study, we examine the economic costs of minor depression. Method: In a large-scale, population-based study in the Netherlands (n ¼ 5504) the costs of minor depression were compared with the costs of major depression and dysthymia. Excess costs, i.e. the costs of a disorder over and above the costs attributable to other illnesses, were estimated with help of regression analysis. The direct medical costs, the direct non-medical costs and the indirect non-medical costs were calculated. The year 2003 was used as the reference year. Results: The annual per capita excess costs of minor depression were US$ 2141 (95% CI ¼ 753-3529) higher than the base rate costs of US$ 1023, while the costs of major depression were US$ 3313 (95% CI ¼ 1234-5390) higher than the base rate. The costs of minor depression per 1 million inhabitants were 160 million dollars per year, which is somewhat less than the costs of major depression (192 million dollars per year). Conclusion:The economic costs associated with minor depression are considerable and approach those of major depression. Significant outcomes • The annual excess per capita costs of minor depression are about two-thirds of the per capita costs of major depression.• Per million inhabitants the excess costs of minor depression (US$ 160 million) approach those of major depression (US$ 192 million).• Virtually all excess costs of minor depression are indirect non-medical costs (costs for treatment are not significantly higher than the base rate). Limitations• The definition of minor depression was not exactly the same as the DSM-IV definition.• Although the number of subjects was large, it is relatively small for economic studies.• Data from the second measurement point of the study were used, at which point some attrition had already taken place.

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Mental health needs, service use and costs among Somali refugees in the UK

Abstract: Somali refugees living in London have a relatively high level of need but a low level of service use. Refugee characteristics could only account for a limited amount of cost variation.

Cited by 81 publications

References 11 publications

Mental Health of Refugees and Non-refugees from War-Conflict Countries: Data from Primary Healthcare Services and the Norwegian Prescription Database

Mental Health of Refugees and Non-refugees from War-Conflict Countries: Data from Primary Healthcare Services and the Norwegian Prescription Database

Psychological Distress in Refugee Children: A Systematic Review

Economic costs of minor depression: a population‐based study

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