Mental Health of Transgender Youth in Care at an Adolescent Urban Community Health Center: A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study

Reisner, Sari L.; Vetters, Ralph; Leclerc, M.; Zaslow, Shayne; Wolfrum, Sarah; Shumer, Daniel E.; Mimiaga, Matthew J.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.264

Cited by 553 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These findings, while striking, align with what has been reported in much of the previous literature on transgender patients. 2,[36][37][38][39] In addition, we observed disparities among older TMBs, who were entitled to Medicare based on age. Although rates of chronic conditions in this group were high for both TMBs and CMBs, many chronic conditions that typically occur or worsen in older ages were observed to be even more common among TMBs.…”

Section: Trans Medicare Beneficiaries and Chronic Conditions 407 Discusmentioning

confidence: 84%

Transgender Medicare Beneficiaries and Chronic Conditions: Exploring Fee-for-Service Claims Data

et al. 2017

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Purpose: Data on the health and well-being of the transgender population are limited. However, using claims data we can identify transgender Medicare beneficiaries (TMBs) with high confidence. We seek to describe the TMB population and provide comparisons of chronic disease burden between TMBs and cisgender Medicare beneficiaries (CMBs), thus laying a foundation for national level TMB health disparity research. Methods: Using a previously validated claims algorithm based on ICD-9-CM codes relating to transsexualism and gender identity disorder, we identified a cohort of TMBs using Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) claims data. We then describe the demographic characteristics and chronic disease burden of TMBs (N = 7454) and CMBs (N = 39,136,229). Results: Compared to CMBs, a greater observed proportion of TMBs are young (under age 65) and Black, although these differences vary by entitlement. Regardless of entitlement, TMBs have more chronic conditions than CMBs, and more TMBs have been diagnosed with asthma, autism spectrum disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, hepatitis, HIV, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. TMBs also have higher observed rates of potentially disabling mental health and neurological/chronic pain conditions, as well as obesity and other liver conditions (nonhepatitis), compared to CMBs. Conclusion: This is the first systematic look at chronic disease burden in the transgender population using Medicare FFS claims data. We found that TMBs experience multiple chronic conditions at higher rates than CMBs, regardless of Medicare entitlement. TMBs under age 65 show an already heavy chronic disease burden which will only be exacerbated with age.

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Section: Trans Medicare Beneficiaries and Chronic Conditions 407 Discusmentioning

confidence: 84%

Transgender Medicare Beneficiaries and Chronic Conditions: Exploring Fee-for-Service Claims Data

et al. 2017

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“…These studies showed that gender confirming medical treatment improves mental health, including anxiety symptomatology. However, the results are not consistent (e.g., Reisner et al, 2015) and limited by a small sample size (e.g., De Vries et al, 2014;Heylens et al, 2014b) or by the lack of matched controls (e.g., Colizzi et al, 2013Colizzi et al, , 2014Davis and Colton Meier, 2014;Gomez-Gil et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Research in the transgender population pre-treatment using cross sectional data, have shown high levels of anxiety symptomatology in this population (Bockting et al, 2013;de Vries et al, 2011;Heylens et al, 2014a;Reisner et al, 2015Reisner et al, , 2016. High levels of anxiety symptomatology are particularly prevalent in transgender people before treatment (Bergero-Miguel et al, 2016;Colizzi et al, 2013;de Vries et al, 2011;Gómez-Gil et al, 2012;Heylens et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgender and anxiety: A comparative study between transgender people and the general population

Bouman

Claes

Brewin

et al. 2016

International Journal of Transgenderism

150

109

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Background:Anxiety disorders pose serious public health problems.The data available on anxiety disorders in the transgender population is limited by the small numbers, the lack of a matched controlled population and the selection of a nonhomogenous group of transgender people.Aims:The aims of the study were(1)To determine anxiety symptomatology (based on the HADS) in a non-treated transgender population and to compare them to a general population sample matched by age and gender;(2)To investigate the predictive role of specific variables, including experienced gender, self-esteem, victimization, social support, interpersonal functioning and cross-sex hormone use regarding levels of anxiety symptomatology;(3)To investigate differences in anxiety symptomatology between transgender people on cross-sex hormone treatment and those who are not.Methods:A total of 913 individuals, who self-identified as transgender attending a transgender health service during a three-year period agreed participation. For the first aim of the study 592 transgender people not on treatment were matched by age and gender with 3816 people from the general population. For the second and third aim the whole transgender population was included. Measurements:Socio-demographic variables and measures of depression and anxiety(HADS), self-esteem(RSE), victimisation(ETS), social support(MSPSS), and interpersonal functioning(IIP-32).Results:Compared with the general population transgender people had a nearly 3-fold increased risk of probable anxiety disorder(all p < .05). Low self-esteem and interpersonal functioning were found to be significant predictors of anxiety symptoms. Trans women on treatment with cross-sex hormones were found to have lower levels of anxiety disorder symptomatology.Conclusions:Transgender people (particularly trans males) have higher levels of anxiety symptoms suggestive of possible anxiety disorders, when compared to the general population. The findings that self-esteem, interpersonal functioning and hormone treatment is associated with lower levels of anxiety symptoms indicate the need for clinical interventions targeting self-esteem and interpersonal difficulties as well as the importance of quick access to transgender health services.

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“…Previous research found significant differences between transgender and cisgender people in psychological variables such as anxiety, the level of depression, suicidal thoughts, and self-harm behaviour, which refers to emotional functioning (Reisner, 2015). According to Reisner,transgender participants (106 FtM,94 MtF) had higher scores than cisgender individuals on those measures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Autobiographical memory in transsexual individuals who have undergone genderaffirming surgery: Vivid, self-focused, but not so happy childhood memories

Нуркова¹,

Ivanova²

2017

Psych. Rus.

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Background. Whereas reciprocal relationships between autobiographical memory and self are broadly emphasized, there is no empirical research that examines how major life changing transitions affect the graphically expressed life story.objective. The paper focuses on the novel topic of autobiographical memory in transsexual individuals.design. Twenty-eight volunteers who had undergone gender-affirming surgery and 28 non-transgender participants were asked to produce a Life Line which required them to identify the most memorable events in their lives. The level of acquisition of affirmed gender-typed traits was measured by the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI).Results. Compared to cisgender individuals, transsexual participants have self-focused Life Lines with a high proportion of vivid flashbulb-like memories and unhappy recollections of childhood. The emotional profile of autobiographical memory addressing childhood was more negative in transsexual participants who deviate from BSRI norms reflecting derogation of past gender category in favour of affirmed gender identity. Those with high acquisition of affirming gender-typed traits assigned more space on the timeline for childhood, revealing the process of self-continuity restoration that leads to an increase in the proportion of positive memories. Accordingly, transsexuals recollected fewer events relevant to their gender identity performing a psychological defence toward the topic of gender.conclusion. We interpreted the results by focusing on the utility of autobiographical memories as a cognitive resource for filling the gap between past and current selves and maintaining self-continuity across the lifespan.

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Mental Health of Transgender Youth in Care at an Adolescent Urban Community Health Center: A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study

Cited by 553 publications

References 34 publications

Transgender Medicare Beneficiaries and Chronic Conditions: Exploring Fee-for-Service Claims Data

Transgender Medicare Beneficiaries and Chronic Conditions: Exploring Fee-for-Service Claims Data

Transgender and anxiety: A comparative study between transgender people and the general population

Autobiographical memory in transsexual individuals who have undergone genderaffirming surgery: Vivid, self-focused, but not so happy childhood memories

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