Mental health, smoking, harm reduction and quit attempts – a population survey in England

Brose, Leonie S.; Brown, Jamie; Robson, Deborah; McNeill, Ann

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09308-x

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Older smokers were less likely to report distress compared with younger groups. 11 These findings re-emphasise the need to address higher prevalence of poor mental health among younger smokers. 12,30,31 We hypothesised that there may be an interaction between age-group and year with older smokers experiencing greater distress in 2020 due to the age gradient in deaths from COVID-19 and the known risks of smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…9,10 Between 2016-2017 in England, 24.3% and 9.7% of past-year smokers indicated moderate and serious past-month distress, respectively. 11 Also, those with an indication of a mental health problem were more dependent on cigarettes but more likely to be motivated and have recently attempted to quit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Our previous research has highlighted an age gradient in distress among smokers, with younger groups reporting higher levels of distress compared with older age groups. 11 However, considering the sharp positive age gradient in the risk of death from COVID-19 17 , deterioration in mental health during the pandemic may be more pronounced among older age groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking, distress and COVID-19 in England: cross-sectional population surveys from 2016 to 2020

Kock

Brown

Shahab

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Changes in the prevalence of mental health problems among smokers due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England have important implications for existing health inequalities. This study examined the prevalence of psychological distress among smokers following the onset of the pandemic compared with previous years. Methods: Cross-sectional data were used from a representative survey of smokers (18+) in England (n = 2,927) during four months (April to July) in 2016, 2017 and 2020. Adjusted logistic regressions estimated the associations between past-month psychological distress across two time periods (2016/17 and 2020), and age. Weighted proportions, chi-squared statistics and stratified logistic regression models were used to compare the distributions of minimal, moderate and severe distress, respectively, within socio-demographic and smoking characteristic categories in 2016/17 and 2020. Results: The prevalence of moderate and severe distress among past-year smokers was higher in 2020 (moderate: 28.79%, 95%CI 26.11-31.60; OR=2.08, 95%CI 1.34-3.25; severe: 11.04%, 9.30-13.12; OR=2.16, 1.13-4.07) than in 2016/17 (moderate: 20.66%, 19.02-22.43; severe: 8.23%, 7.16-9.47). While there was no overall evidence of an interaction between time period and age, young (16-24 years) and middle-age groups (45-54 years) may have experienced greater increases in moderate and older age groups (65+ years) in severe distress from 2016/17 to 2020. There were also increases in 2020 of moderate distress among those from more disadvantaged social grades and of both moderate and severe distress among women and those with low cigarette addiction. Conclusions: Between April-July 2016/17 and April-July 2020 in England there were increases in both moderate and severe distress among smokers. The distribution of distress differed between 2016/17 and 2020 and represents a widening of established inequalities, with increases in distress among socio-economically disadvantaged groups, women and diverging age groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking, distress and COVID-19 in England: cross-sectional population surveys from 2016 to 2020

Kock

Brown

Shahab

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Relationships between two or more variables. To describe the strength of a relationship between two categorical variables (for instance between certain characteristics of smoking and mental health status 31 ), chi-squared tests (or log-linear analysis for more than two categorical variables) will be used. We will use the generalized linear modelling (GLM) framework to examine the relationship between an independent and outcome variable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for expansion of an existing national monthly survey of smoking behaviour and alcohol use in England to Scotland and Wales: The Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Study

et al. 2021

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Background The Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Study (STS/ATS) in England has delivered timely insights to inform and evaluate strategies aimed at reducing tobacco smoking- and alcohol-related harm. From the end of 2020 until at least 2024 the STS/ATS is expanding to Scotland and Wales to include all constituent nations in Great Britain. Expanding data collection to Scotland and Wales will permit the evaluation of how smoking and alcohol related behaviours respond to divergent policy scenarios across the devolved nations. Methods The STS/ATS consists of monthly cross-sectional household interviews (computer or telephone assisted) of representative samples of adults in Great Britain aged 16+ years. Commencing in October 2020 each month a new sample of approximately 1700 adults in England, 450 adults in Scotland and 300 adults in Wales complete the survey (~n = 29,400 per year). The expansion of the survey to Scotland and Wales has been funded for the collection of at least 48 waves of data across four years. The data collected cover a broad range of smoking and alcohol-related parameters (including but not limited to smoking status, cigarette/nicotine dependence, route to quit smoking, prevalence and frequency of hazardous drinking, attempts and motivation to reduce alcohol consumption, help sought and motives for attempts to reduce alcohol intake) and socio-demographic characteristics (including but not limited to age, gender, region, socio-economic position) and will be reviewed monthly and refined in response to evolving policy needs and public interests. All data analyses will be pre-specified and available on a free online platform. A dedicated website will publish descriptive data on important trends each month. Discussion The Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Study will provide timely monitoring of smoking and alcohol related behaviours to inform and evaluate national policies across Great Britain.

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“…Smoking has also been associated with an increased risk of poor mental health [ 13 , 14 ], and a longitudinal cohort study among U.S. adults showed that female tobacco users had an increased risk of mental distress compared to males [ 15 ]. Furthermore, studies indicate that the association between smoking and poor mental health appears to be bidirectional [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Dietary Habits, Substance Use, and Mental Distress among Adults in Southern Norway: A Cross-Sectional Study among 28,047 Adults from the General Population

Stea

Alvsvåg

Kleppang

2021

IJERPH

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The aim of the present study was to examine associations between dietary habits, substance use, and mental distress among adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 using an online questionnaire and included 28,047 adults (≥18 years) from Southern Norway. Multivariable logistic regression models stratified by gender were used to examine the associations between different lifestyle behaviors and mental distress. The results showed increased odds of mental distress among males and females with low consumption of vegetables (OR:1.26; 95% CI:1.08–1.47 and 1.14; 1.02–1.28) and fish (1.28; 1.12–1.46 and 1.36; 1.22–1.52), and among females, but not males, with high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (1.25; 1.06–1.48) compared to those with a healthier consumption of these foods and beverages. The results also showed increased odds of mental distress among male and female smokers (1.38; 1.19–1.60 and 1.44; 1.26–1.64), and among females, but not males, reporting current use of smokeless tobacco (1.20; 1.03–1.40), compared to male and female non-smokers and female non-users of smokeless tobacco. Overall, unhealthy dietary habits, smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco was associated with increased odds of mental distress, but the relationship varied according to gender. Future studies are needed to confirm any possible causal relationships.

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Mental health, smoking, harm reduction and quit attempts – a population survey in England

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Smoking, distress and COVID-19 in England: cross-sectional population surveys from 2016 to 2020

Smoking, distress and COVID-19 in England: cross-sectional population surveys from 2016 to 2020

Protocol for expansion of an existing national monthly survey of smoking behaviour and alcohol use in England to Scotland and Wales: The Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Study

The Association between Dietary Habits, Substance Use, and Mental Distress among Adults in Southern Norway: A Cross-Sectional Study among 28,047 Adults from the General Population

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