Mental Illness and Substance Use Problems in Relation to Homelessness Onset

Childress, Sarah; Reitzel, Lorraine R.; Maria, Diane Santa; Kendzor, Darla E.; Moisiuc, Alexis; Businelle, Michael S.

doi:10.5993/ajhb.39.4.11

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, less is known about differences in sexual risk behaviors according to current age (i.e., young adults vs. older adults) as many studies of homeless youth do not compare youth to older adults in the same sample. Less is known as well about the age of homelessness onset as a potential, independent risk factor despite findings suggesting that age of onset is correlated with other risk behaviors such as substance use, with a younger age at the onset of homelessness being associated with a higher incidence of substance use [ 36 ]. An Oakland, California based study found that, among homeless adults >50 years old, those who first became homeless before age 50 reported higher rates of substance use than those with a later age of homelessness onset [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Age, Age at First Sex, Age at First Homelessness, and HIV Risk Perceptions Predict Sexual Risk Behaviors among Sexually Active Homeless Adults

Maria

Hernandez

Arlinghaus

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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While HIV disproportionately impacts homeless individuals, little is known about the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors in the southwest and how age factors and HIV risk perceptions influence sexual risk behaviors. We conducted a secondary data analysis (n = 460) on sexually active homeless adults from a cross-sectional study of participants (n = 610) recruited from homeless service locations, such as shelters and drop-in centers, in an understudied region of the southwest. Covariate-adjusted logistic regressions were used to assess the impact of age at homelessness onset, current age, age at first sex, and HIV risk perceptions on having condomless sex, new sexual partner(s), and multiple sexual partners (≥4 sexual partners) in the past 12 months. Individuals who first experienced homelessness by age 24 were significantly more likely to report condomless sex and multiple sexual partners in the past year than those who had a later onset of their first episode of homelessness. Individuals who were currently 24 years or younger were more likely to have had condomless sex, new sexual partners, and multiple sexual partners in the past 12 months than those who were 25 years or older. Those who had low perceived HIV risk had lower odds of all three sexual risk behaviors. Social service and healthcare providers should consider a younger age at homelessness onset when targeting HIV prevention services to youth experiencing homelessness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Age, Age at First Sex, Age at First Homelessness, and HIV Risk Perceptions Predict Sexual Risk Behaviors among Sexually Active Homeless Adults

Maria

Hernandez

Arlinghaus

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…The age at homelessness onset and the duration of homelessness are also related to increased drug use among homeless adults. The rate of drug use is higher in those who first experience homelessness before age 25 and increases as the duration of homelessness increases (9,10). Wenzel et al (2010) suggested that a longer duration of homelessness provides added time to form social networks with a greater density of drug using peers (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug use patterns and predictors among homeless youth: Results of an ecological momentary assessment

Maria

Padhye

Yang

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Background. Alcohol and drug use is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is highly prevalent among homeless youth. Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) have been used to examine the effect of urges on drug use, though not among homeless youth. Objectives. We assessed the patterns of drug use and the correlation between real-time contextual factors and drug use using EMA collected daily. We identified predictors of drug use among a sample of homeless youth 18-25 years old in Houston, Texas. Methods. Homeless youth (n = 66, 62% male) were recruited from a drop-in center between September 2015 and May 2016. We used generalized linear mixed models and cross-validation methods to determine the best predictive model of drug use. Results. The overall drug use was high: 61% and 32% of participants reported using drugs or alcohol at least one day, respectively. Marijuana and synthetic marijuana use (i.e., Kush, K2, incense packs) were reported most frequently; 86% and 13% of the total drug use EMAs, respectfully. Drug use urge was reported on 26% of days and was the highest on drug use days. Drug use was predicted by discrimination, pornography use, alcohol use, and urges for drugs, alcohol, and to steal. Conclusions. EMA can be used to predict drug use among homeless youth. Drug use treatment among homeless youth should address the role of experiencing discrimination, pornography and alcohol use, and urge management strategies on drug use. Research is needed to determine if EMA informed just-in-time interventions targeting these predictors can reduce use.

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“…Homelessness (living without stable, safe, permanent, appropriate housing, or the immediate prospect, means and ability of acquiring it(1)) is detrimental for almost every life dimension of affected individuals. Being homeless is a crucial stress factor for well-being as it re ects severe material deprivation, and in addition erodes mental, cognitive and physical health (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), exposes individuals to risky conditions and behaviors (e.g., violence, bad meteorological conditions, discrimination) (8-10), and precludes access to such basic services as sanitation, health care, water or food. (11)(12)(13) Access to food is a consistent unmet need of homeless populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Psychopathology and Substance Use Disorder Modify the Association between Housing Trajectories and Food Security among Homeless Adults

Lachaud¹,

Mejía-Lancheros²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background We examined the housing trajectories of homeless people with mental illness over a follow-up period of 6 years, and the association of these trajectories with food security. We then examined the modifying role of psychopathology and alcohol and substance use disorders in this association.Methods We followed 487 homeless adults with mental illness at the Toronto site of the At Home/Chez-Soi project –a randomized trial of Housing First. Housing data were collected every 3 months (Phase I) or 6 months (Phase II) during follow-up. Food security data were collected 7 times during the follow-up period. Psychopathology (Colorado Symptom Index score) and alcohol and substance use disorders were assessed at baseline. Housing trajectories were identified using group-based trajectory modelling. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between housing trajectory groups and food security.Results Three housing trajectory groups were identified: a rapid move to consistent stable housing (34.7%), slow and inconsistent housing (52.1%), and never moved to stable housing (13.2%). Individuals included in the rapid move to consistent housing trajectory group had higher odds of remaining food secure compared to those in the never moved to stable housing trajectory group over the follow-up period [AOR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3–6.6, P-value: 0.009]. However, when interactions were considered, this association was significant among those with moderate psychopathology but not severe psychopathology. Individuals with substance use disorder and in the group never move to stable house group had the lowest food security status.Conclusion Severe psychopathology and substance use disorders modified the association between housing trajectories and food security. Housing interventions need to focus on long term housing stability as well as food security, especially among those with severe psychopathology and substance use disorder.Ethical considerations The Toronto AH/CS study received approval from the St. Michael’s Hospital Research Ethics Board (Canada), and all participants gave informed written consent to participate in the AH/CS study. The AH/CS study is also registered with the International Standard Randomized Control Trial Number Register (ISRCTN42520374).

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Mental Illness and Substance Use Problems in Relation to Homelessness Onset

Abstract: Serious mental illness and sedative problems may characterize homeless youth who are vulnerable to adulthood homelessness, although longitudinal cohort studies are needed to explicate temporal relations between variables.

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Current Age, Age at First Sex, Age at First Homelessness, and HIV Risk Perceptions Predict Sexual Risk Behaviors among Sexually Active Homeless Adults

Current Age, Age at First Sex, Age at First Homelessness, and HIV Risk Perceptions Predict Sexual Risk Behaviors among Sexually Active Homeless Adults

Drug use patterns and predictors among homeless youth: Results of an ecological momentary assessment

Severe Psychopathology and Substance Use Disorder Modify the Association between Housing Trajectories and Food Security among Homeless Adults

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