Mental retardation and WAIS‐R difference scores

Atkinson, Leslie

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb00451.x

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The caution emphasized in an earlier article (Atkinson, 1991a) must be reiterated here. The current sample is not presented as 'normative' for the developmentally handicapped population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The subjects are fully described elsewhere (Atkinson, 1991a). Briefly, the sample consisted of 290 individuals (151 males, 139 females) whom had been administered a full WAIS-R. All participants earned a Full Scale IQ below 80, with a mean of 67-3 standard deviation (SD)=7-7.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purposes of the present study, r^^ and r^. figures were extracted from data on the mentally retarded sample presented by Atkinson (1991a).…”

Section: Calculating a Ptdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little wonder that great effort has heen invested in interpreting the differences between them. Close to 15 studies have addressed the issue of profile analysis for the WAIS-R alone (Atkinson, 1991a). Kaufman (1990) has treated the issue of WAIS-R profile analysis at length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In assessing the discrepancy between two subtests, Atkinson recommended converting the obtained difference {d) to a 'predicted true difference' (PTD) as follows: PTD=djXrjj, where r^^ is the reliability of the difference between the two subtests. Atkinson (1991a) offered the example of an examinee who obtained a scaled score of 4 on Information and 8 on Similarities (for an obtained difference of 4). The examiner then regressed the difference score toward the population mean of 0 by multiplying it by its reliability to derive a PTD of 2-72.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental retardation and WAIS‐R scatter analysis

Atkinson

1992

J intellect Disabil Res

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In an earlier anicle, the psychometric properties of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) subtest difference scores were explored using a sample with IQ<80. Data were offered which allowed the practitioner to determine whether the difference between two subtescs was statistically reliable. 'ITiis article represents an extension of the earlier work. Il presents a set of reliability estimates for the difference between a single WAiS-R subtest and the mean of all subtesis, and permits the clinician to determine whether the difference obtained by a particular examinee is statistically significant.

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“…The caution emphasized in an earlier article (Atkinson, 1991a) must be reiterated here. The current sample is not presented as 'normative' for the developmentally handicapped population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purposes of the present study, r^^ and r^. figures were extracted from data on the mentally retarded sample presented by Atkinson (1991a).…”

Section: Calculating a Ptdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental retardation and WAIS‐R scatter analysis

Atkinson

1992

J intellect Disabil Res

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On WAIS—R difference scores in the standardization sample.

Atkinson¹

1991

Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical

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Prior tables (Atkinson, 1991) describing Wechsler's Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and its revision (WAIS-R) subtest scores did not account for the fact that the best estimate of the "true" difference between 2 scores obtained by an individual is not the one actually obtained, but one based on the obtained difference and regressed toward the mean difference. Furthermore, the previously published WAIS-R table is based on a psychiatric sample. This article examined the WAIS-R standardization sample (jV = 1,880) using regressed difference scores to derive statistics describing subtest discrepancies. Results indicated improved difference score reliability in the WAIS-R, as compared with the WAIS, although reliability remained poor.

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Myth of the master detective: Reliability of interpretations for Kaufman's "intelligent testing" approach to the WISC–III.

Macmann¹,

Barnett²

1997

School Psychology Quarterly

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Based on the internal-consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients reported for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III), computer simulation methods were used to examine the reliability of interpretations for Kaufman's "intelligent testing" approach to the WISC-III. Two independent samples of 5,000 cases were generated for each of three sources of variability in scores: content sampling, time sampling, and the combined or additive effect of content and time sampling. Because many additional sources of error were not represented by the model (scoring errors, practice effects), the simulation provided a "best case" scenario for the evaluation of Kaufman's system. Analyses of decision reliability showed that VIQ-PIQ differences, factor index-score differences, and ipsative profile patterns on the WISC-III could not be interpreted with confidence. Consequently, Kaufman's assertion that the limitations of IQ testing can be overcome through skilled "detective work" may be viewed as mythology. Implications for "intelligent" professional practice and public policy in the assessment of children are discussed.Despite decades of controversy, the administration, scoring, and interpretation of IQ tests continue to exert a dominating influence on the professional practice of school psychology (e.g., Stinnett, Havey, & Oehler-Stinnett, 1994). Simply counting the number of children referred and re-evaluated for special education services, more than a million IQ tests are individually administered to school-aged children in the United States each year. Questions about the desirability of this current situation have polarized the field. At one extreme, there has been increasing interest in service delivery models that either minimize or eliminate the need for IQ testingThe authors thank Leonard Feldt and David Lohman for comments on an earlier draft of this article.

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Mental retardation and WAIS‐R difference scores

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Mental retardation and WAIS‐R scatter analysis

Mental retardation and WAIS‐R scatter analysis

On WAIS—R difference scores in the standardization sample.

Myth of the master detective: Reliability of interpretations for Kaufman's "intelligent testing" approach to the WISC–III.

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