Mental toughness: progress and prospects

Gucciardi, Daniel F.

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.010

Cited by 136 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In line with recent conceptualisations, we define MT in this study as a psychological resource that enables athletes to initiate and sustain efforts towards goal-directed endeavours. 22,23 We acknowledge that researchers continue to debate the conceptualisation of MT and approaches to measurement. 22,24 For example, while some have produced models and measures that reflect a multidimensional, trait-like construct 25 , others have proposed MT to be unidimensional and state-like 22 .…”

Section: Perfectionism Mental Toughness and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfectionism and motivation in sport: The mediating role of mental toughness

Cowden¹,

Crust²,

Jackman³

et al. 2019

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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An extensive body of research has been done on the links between perfectionism and motivation, yet the underlying mechanisms linking these psychological characteristics have been underexplored. In this study, we used an integrative modelling approach to examine associations between dimensions of perfectionism (i.e. personal standards [PSP] and concerns over mistakes [CMP]), mental toughness (MT) and motivational orientations (i.e. self-determined motivation [SDM] and non-self-determined motivation [NSDM]). Based on a sample of 318 male (n=218) and female (n=100) tennis players (M age =17.61, SD age =2.41), fit indices derived from structural equation modelling supported a partially mediated model. Residual PSP associated positively with MT (β=0.74) and SDM (β=0.40), and negatively with NSDM (β=-0.22). Conversely, residual CMP associated negatively with MT (β=-0.14) and SDM (β=-0.19), and positively with NSDM (β=0.73). Mental toughness was positively associated with SDM (β=0.28), but was unrelated to NSDM (β=0.07). The relationship between residual PSP and SDM was partially mediated by MT (standardised indirect effect: 95% CI=0.19, 0.46). The findings of this study support research linking dimensions of perfectionism with motivational orientations and offer preliminary evidence on the mediating role of MT in the association between these psychological constructs. With emerging research supporting the capacity to develop MT through targeted interventions, the findings are discussed alongside salient implications.

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Section: Perfectionism Mental Toughness and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfectionism and motivation in sport: The mediating role of mental toughness

Cowden¹,

Crust²,

Jackman³

et al. 2019

S. Afr. J. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This finding is noteworthy given that Clough et al added confidence to the hardiness construct (Kobasa, 1979) in order to conceptualise their model of MT. Therefore, Clough et al's extension of the hardiness construct may not be as theoretically important as the other hardiness components (Gucciardi, 2017). Interestingly, the confidence subscales rotated with the least amount of misspecification in the overall sample.…”

Section: Parameter Estimates For Invariance Measurement Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is theorised that this emphasis resulted in less attention being given to measurement, that is, a lack of rigorous psychometric evaluation via quantitative methods (Crust & Swann, 2011). Furthermore, a recent analysis of this work has highlighted insufficient distinctiveness of Clough et al's conceptualisation, that is, whether the 4Cs model of MT is a distinct concept, or an extension of hardiness, thus clouding the uniqueness and operationalisation of the model (Gucciardi, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48 (MTQ48) in elite, amateur and nonathletes.

Vaughan¹,

Hanna²,

Breslin³

2018

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48 (MTQ48) and assess the measurement invariance across elite, amateur and non-athletes. In total, 1096 participants aged between 18 and 58 years with a range of athletic experience -elite (n = 181), amateur (n = 577) and non-athletes (n = 338) -from various sports completed the MTQ48. The internal consistency of the scale was gauged through Omega for the total and relevant subscales. Factorial validity was assessed using exploratory structural equation modeling in order to provide a comprehensive estimation of the scales dimensionality. Overall, results offered support for the scales reliability with acceptable internal consistency reported at the total and subscale level. However, the validity of the MTQ48 for the use with athletes of different levels may be questioned. The MTQ48's hypothesised four-factor model did not fit the data well, whereas the six-factor model produced acceptable levels of fit with large degrees of misspecification in the factor structures across elite, amateur and non-athletes. The results caution the use of the scale with elite athletes and call for refinement of the measure at the subscale level.

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“…Mental toughness (MT) has been shown to be a prerequisite for success in many competitive sports (Gucciardi, 2017). Evidence has found that mental toughness distinguishes athletes at different levels within sports, such as Mixed Martial Arts (Chen & Cheesman, 2013) and Australian Football (Gucciardi, Gordan & Dimmock, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characteristics such as problem focused coping (Nicholls, et al, 2011) and self-belief (Chen & Cheesman, 2013) have been found to be related to mental toughness. Mental toughness can be defined as a state-like psychological resource that is purposeful, flexible and efficient for the enactment and maintenance of goal directed pursuits (Gucciardi, 2017). A central facet of this model, is that MT is a state like resource (Brand, et al, 2014) and a key element of self-regulation in response to losing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental toughness and attributions of failure in high performing male and female swimmers

Meggs¹,

Chen²

2018

jhse

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This study examined the relationship between mental toughness and failure attributions in high level swimmers. Participants were 80, (Mage=21.64, S.D: 4.96 years) regional and national level swimmers who were currently competing. Participants were asked to recall a perceived failure in the previous four weeks, fill in the controllability, stability, globality and universality attribution measure (CSGU) and eight weeks later complete the mental toughness questionnaire-48 (MTQ48). Multiple regression analysis found a significant effect of mental toughness and stability on controllability (∆R 2 = 0.042, p = 0.021) when the generalizability dimensions were added to the model. Separate multiple regression analysis for both genders, revealed that males mental toughness and stability predicted controllability (∆R 2 = 0.200, p = 0.029) compared to females mental toughness and universality (∆R 2 = 0.080, p = 0.027) predicting controllability. In conclusion the present study found evidence for mental toughness predicting controllability attributions following competitive failure for a group of high level male and female swimmers. Gender differences were found in how the generalizability attributions predicting controllability. Findings are discussed in terms of mental toughness and the generalizability dimensions predicting controllability attributions in response to competitive failure and suggestions to examine the relationship further.

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Mental toughness: progress and prospects

Cited by 136 publications

References 47 publications

Perfectionism and motivation in sport: The mediating role of mental toughness

Perfectionism and motivation in sport: The mediating role of mental toughness

Psychometric properties of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48 (MTQ48) in elite, amateur and nonathletes.

Mental toughness and attributions of failure in high performing male and female swimmers

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