Mental work demands, retirement, and longitudinal trajectories of cognitive functioning.

Fisher, Gwenith G.; Stachowski, Alicia; Infurna, Frank J.; Faul, Jessica D.; Grosch, James W.; Tetrick, Lois E.

doi:10.1037/a0035724

Cited by 207 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…6,8 In contrast, we focus on mid-adulthood, using a specific measure of occupation-related cognitive demands and complexity, providing evidence that higher levels of occupation-related cognitive requirements are not only associated with higher level of cognitive function, but also with a slower rate of decline. Our findings are consistent with another cohort study of American older adults, the Health and Retirement Study, which used a similar O*NET-derived measure of mental demands at work, 13 as well as a study of German older adults that used O*NET-derived measures of enriched work environment. 14 The exact mechanisms by which work-related cognitive demands and complexity may lead to slower cognitive decline later in life remain mostly unknown.…”

Section: )supporting

confidence: 80%

“…Because of international differences in work environments and population heterogeneity, analysis in a US-based sample is important for generalizability to older Americans. Although findings similar to ours have been observed previously in a US-based cohort of older adults, 13 our findings are derived from a diverse cohort with a wide range of educational and occupational exposures, and using a well-validated, comprehensive assessment of cognitive function involving several tests administered in-person at regular intervals with high rates of follow-up participation.…”

Section: )contrasting

confidence: 34%

“…With few exceptions, 13,20 the majority of studies examining detailed occupational complexity and cognitive aging have used data from European studies. Because of international differences in work environments and population heterogeneity, analysis in a US-based sample is important for generalizability to older Americans.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8] More recent studies have explored occupationrelated cognitive activity and complexity, but have produced inconsistent findings on whether higher occupation-related cognitive requirements are associated with late-life cognitive decline. [9][10][11][12][13][14] A challenge central to these studies is the measurement of occupation-related cognitive activity, and most studies to date have relied on relatively crude measures, such as broad employment categories.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Occupational cognitive requirements and late-life cognitive aging

et al. 2016

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Objective: To examine whether occupational cognitive requirements, as a marker of adulthood cognitive activity, are associated with late-life cognition and cognitive decline.Methods: Main lifetime occupation information for 7,637 participants aged .65 years of the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) was linked with standardized data on worker attributes and job characteristics from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). Ratings of cognitive processes required in 10 work-related tasks were used to create a summary measure of occupational cognitive requirements (possible range 0-7). Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models were used to estimate the association of occupational cognitive requirements score (OCRS) with cognitive function and rate of cognitive decline.Results: Higher OCRS corresponded to significantly better late-life cognitive performance at baseline in 1993 (p , 0.001) and to slower decline in global cognitive function over time (p 5 0.004). Within a genotyped subsample (n 5 4,104), the associations of OCRS with rate of cognitive decline did not differ significantly by APOE e4 carriership (p 5 0.11).Conclusions: Findings suggest that occupational cognitive requirements are associated with better cognition and a slower rate of cognitive decline in older age. Adulthood cognitive activity may contribute to cognitive reserve in late life. Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia affects a large number of older adults for whom there are few effective treatment options available.1 The long duration of the preclinical phase, which is thought to last from at least several years to over a decade 2 and is characterized by a period of decline in cognitive function, has prompted increasing efforts to identify potentially modifiable risk factors from earlier stages in adulthood that affect disease onset and initial progression. A range of mid-adulthood lifestyle risk factors, including adherence to a healthy diet 3 and regular participation in physical activity, 4 are associated with reduced risk of late-onset AD dementia. 5There has been a growing interest in the role of cognitively stimulating activity during adulthood and its potentially protective effect on late-life cognitive decline and AD dementia risk. There is some evidence that engagement in leisure time cognitive activity is associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning in older age. [6][7][8] More recent studies have explored occupationrelated cognitive activity and complexity, but have produced inconsistent findings on whether higher occupation-related cognitive requirements are associated with late-life cognitive decline.9-14 A challenge central to these studies is the measurement of occupation-related cognitive activity, and most studies to date have relied on relatively crude measures, such as broad employment categories.In this study, we used a detailed measure of occupation-related cognitive activity derived from the Department of Labor's Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database to test the

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Section: )supporting

confidence: 80%

Section: )contrasting

confidence: 34%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Occupational cognitive requirements and late-life cognitive aging

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“…9 Occupational cognitive demands were also categorized using the O'NET SOC occupational codes. From these hierarchical taxonomic occupation-specific descriptors, Fisher et al observed that those with higher occupational demands experienced better cognitive functioning before retirement.…”

Section: Employment and Cognitive Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of employment on cognition and cognitive reserve: implications across diseases and aging

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et al. 2016

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Employment requires one to learn new skills, establish a routine, and engage socially, all of which can also provide purpose or meaning to one's life and provide income. All of these can directly or indirectly bolster cognitive reserve, which may protect cognitive health, especially as one ages. Unfortunately, if one is incapacitated due to illness, such as depression, HIV, or other diseases and chronic conditions, it may necessitate reduction/withdrawal from employment, which could limit employment-induced cognitive health benefits. This article examines these issues within the framework of neuroplasticity and cognitive reserve, thus providing implications for practice and research for nurses and health care professionals.

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