Mental Workload

Parasuraman, Raja; Caggiano, Daniel

doi:10.1016/b0-12-227210-2/00206-5

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For monitoring the use of executive control resources, an important brain region is prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex operates at the highest levels of the control hierarchy, contributing to a cascade of processes that mediate task planning and execution for cognitive and motor functions (Koechlin et al, 2003 ; Parasuraman and Caggiano, 2005 ; Bear et al, 2007 ). It plays an essential role as an interface between cognition, action, and the physical world (Derosière et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Measuring the Balance Between Automatic And Executive Contromentioning

confidence: 99%

Automaticity of walking: functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies

Clark

2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

326

276

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Automaticity is a hallmark feature of walking in adults who are healthy and well-functioning. In the context of walking, “automaticity” refers to the ability of the nervous system to successfully control typical steady state walking with minimal use of attention-demanding executive control resources. Converging lines of evidence indicate that walking deficits and disorders are characterized in part by a shift in the locomotor control strategy from healthy automaticity to compensatory executive control. This is potentially detrimental to walking performance, as an executive control strategy is not optimized for locomotor control. Furthermore, it places excessive demands on a limited pool of executive reserves. The result is compromised ability to perform basic and complex walking tasks and heightened risk for adverse mobility outcomes including falls. Strategies for rehabilitation of automaticity are not well defined, which is due to both a lack of systematic research into the causes of impaired automaticity and to a lack of robust neurophysiological assessments by which to gauge automaticity. These gaps in knowledge are concerning given the serious functional implications of compromised automaticity. Therefore, the objective of this article is to advance the science of automaticity of walking by consolidating evidence and identifying gaps in knowledge regarding: (a) functional significance of automaticity; (b) neurophysiology of automaticity; (c) measurement of automaticity; (d) mechanistic factors that compromise automaticity; and (e) strategies for rehabilitation of automaticity.

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Section: Measuring the Balance Between Automatic And Executive Contromentioning

confidence: 99%

Automaticity of walking: functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies

Clark

2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

326

276

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“…Working memory is also a key component of mental workload, which is assessed in studies of multitasking (Just et al, 2008) and more generally, in human performance in complex, work-relevant tasks (Parasuraman and Caggiano, 2002; Wickens and McCarley, 2007). Many human factors evaluations are concerned with designing interfaces or training methods that optimize operator workload at a moderate level, avoiding both underload and overload (Wickens and Hollands, 2000).…”

Section: Individual Differences In Working Memory and Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in cognition, affect, and performance: Behavioral, neuroimaging, and molecular genetic approaches

2012

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We describe the use of behavioral, neuroimaging, and genetic methods to examine individual differences in cognition and affect, guided by three criteria: (1) relevance to human performance in work and everyday settings; (2) interactions between working memory, decision-making, and affective processing; and (3) examination of individual differences. The results of behavioral, functional MRI (fMRI), event-related potential (ERP), and molecular genetic studies show that analyses at the group level often mask important findings associated with sub-groups of individuals. Dopaminergic/noradrenergic genes influencing prefrontal cortex activity contribute to inter-individual variation in working memory and decision behavior, including performance in complex simulations of military decision-making. The interactive influences of individual differences in anxiety, sensation seeking, and boredom susceptibility on evaluative decision-making can be systematically described using ERP and fMRI methods. We conclude that a multi-modal neuroergonomic approach to examining brain function (using both neuroimaging and molecular genetics) can be usefully applied to understanding individual differences in cognition and affect and has implications for human performance at work.

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“…Evolution of air traffic management (ATM) in the 20th century led to changes in the role of the air traffic controller (ATC) (but the most important issue is still assessment of the mental workload of tower control operators). Mental workload is defined as a "composite brain state or set of states that mediates human performance of perceptual, cognitive, and motor tasks" (Parasuraman and Caggiano, 2002) and is considered a limiting factor regarding ATM expansion. Since the 1950s, when the narrow relation between mental workload, air navigation flow and safety was discovered, this became a key issue for air navigation (Villena et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%