“…Language difficulty is considered to be the primary challenge for a majority of ESL international students (Mori, 2000;Leong, 2015), which can prevent social interactions with American peers (Hayes & Lin, 1994). Students from non-English speaking countries, especially from Asian countries, usually struggle with language proficiency in English and this could influence their academic pursuits as they may not effectively embark on their academic programs (Stevens, Emil, & Yamashita, 2010;Zua, 2016). Additionally, language barriers might also lead to feelings of exclusion by other students during classroom discussions (Lee & Rice, 2007).…”