Menuju Surabaya Green City Melalui Kerjasama Kota Kembar Surabaya-Kitakyushu

Abstract

The sister city collaboration between Surabaya and Kitakyushu is an example of the active cooperation of local governments in Indonesia. Conceptually, this kind of cooperation is also called paradiplomacy or diplomatic activity carried out by local governments with other regions in foreign countries. This article takes a case study of the sister cities of Surabaya and Kitakyushu to then look at the institutionalization aspect as a dimension that can be seen from paradiplomacy. Using the Surabaya point of view, the institutionalization points that the writer will review in this article are (1) the formation of a special ministry or department; (2) establishment of permanent subnational offices; (3) official visits of regional authorities to foreign territories and countries; (4) participation in various international events organized by foreign actors; (5) formation and participation in multilateral global & cross-border regional networks and working groups in specific fields; and (6) regional authorization participation in international events organized by foreign entities in official delegations of the central government.

Jakarta Sebagai Aktor Paradiplomasi Hijau Pada Masa Pemerintahan Anies Baswedan

“…Serupa dengan Kabupaten Bantaeng, kota Surabaya juga menjalin hubungan paradiplomasi lingkungan dengan kota Kitakyushu, dimana kerja sama ini berfokus pada peningkatan pembiasaan efisiensi energi dan alat energi rendah karbon untuk menciptakan low carbon society [20]. Selain itu, Surabaya juga berupaya mempelajari teknik pengelolaan sampah dari Kitakyushu dan membentuk program lainnya seperti kota rendah karbon, daur ulang sampah, pengelolaan sumber energi, konservasi hutan, dan pengembangan ekowisata [21]. Kolaborasi antara Surabaya dan Kitakyushu telah menimbulkan dampak yang positif bagi masyarakat setempat, dimana permasalahan seperti kepadatan penduduk, pencemaran air dan udara, serta permasalahan pengelolaan sampah telah teratasi dengan sangat baik, hingga Surabaya dapat menjadi tuan rumah "5th Regional 3R Forum in Asia & The Pacific" dan mendapat julukan sebagai salah satu kota terbaik dalam kategori manajemen sampah di Indonesia [22], [23].…”

Analyzing The Implementation of Green-Economy Inclusive Strategy in East Java Province Through Urban Good Governance in Green-Economy Framework: The Case of Surabaya

“…It needs to be understood first the condition of Surabaya, both right now and when the Green Sister City was first established, as well as what was Surabaya's problem this policy aimed to solve. The result of this cooperation are required to analyze the Green Sister City through the dimensions of Green Economy, which is evaluated through existing research (Kurniawan et al, 2013;Nuralam, 2018;Widiana & Utomo, 2021;Octavia, 2017;Ummah et al, 2022;Fauzia, 2021;Dai, 2018; The Japan Ministry of The Environment et al, 2015). Currently Surabaya has around 2,88 million population and population density of 8.633 people/km2 (Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Surabaya, 2023).…”

“…There was a high increase of population due to both urbanization and increasing birth rate, which caused overall higher waste and higher volume of vehicles that cause pollution (Fauzia, 2021;Kurniawan et al, 2013). This also caused a waste management problem due to the closure of Keputih landfill, less than 30% of waste generated is disposed to open dump which caused an increase of water & land pollutants, that led to wastes and garbages scattered around the city (Widiana & Utomo, 2021;Nuralam, 2018;Kurniawan et al, 2013). These matters then led to massive water and waste flooding in Surabaya.…”

“…The indicator (3), 'Internalization of externalities' means the capability of a city's government to provide incentives for activities and projects that support the transition to a green economy system. The efforts are; First, active international participation of Surabaya's government in environmental-oriented conferences and cooperations to prove their commitment in 'greening' the city, such as in OECD Mayor's Forum: Urban Green Growth in Dynamic Asia 2013 and The 3rd International Forum on The 'Future City' Initiative in Kitakyushu (Widiana & Utomo, 2021) and visitations exchange between two cities. Second, the increase of budget allocated in supporting Green Sister City program, for example the Environmental Destruction and Pollution Management Program budget allocated in Surabaya 's Local Government Budget 2014was IDR 12.028.894.368,00, meanwhile in 2016it became IDR 12,260,080,819 (Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, 2014.…”

The Impact of Sister City Surabaya-Kitakyushu Cooperation on Environmental Development in Surabaya

“…The Surabaya City Government and the Kitakyushu City Government, focusing on Green Sister City Surabaya-Kitakyushu, signed the MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) of Sister City Surabaya Kitakyushu through the mayor of Surabaya, establishing distinctive diplomatic cooperation. Time, November 2012, Mrs. Tri Rismaharini and Mayor of Kitakyushu Kenji Kitahashi in Surabaya (Widiana, 2021).…”