Menyoal Hukum Nikah Misyar dalam Potensinya Mewujudkan Maqasid al-Asliyyah dan al-Tab'iyyah dalam Perkawinan Umat Islam

Abstract

AbstrakTujuan utama disyariatkannya perkawinan adalah untuk menghasilkan keturunan, sedangkan tujuan-tujuan lainnya adalah untuk mewujudkan kebahagiaan, ketenangan, dan sebagainya. Dengan demikian, setiap terjadi akad pernikahan, maka sudah merupakan suatu kemestian bagi setiap pasangan suami istri mempunyai keinginan mendapatkan keturunan dari pernikahan mereka, di samping keinginan-keinginan lainnya yang membuat pasangan suami istri menjadi senang dan bahagia. Berbeda dengan nikah misya> r, walaupun syarat dan rukun nikah sudah dipenuhi, sebagaimana pernikahan pada umumnya, namun dalam pernikahan ini tujuan utama yang hendak dicapai bukan untuk mendapatkan keturunan. Kehalalan berdua-duaan, berhubungan suami istri, mendapatkan kesenangan biologis, sepertinya menjadi tujuan utama pernikahan.Dalam konteks inilah, sebagian ulama membolehkan terjadinya nikah ini, karena menurut mereka tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam pernikahan bukan hanya untuk mendapatkan keturunan, tetapi juga untuk mendapatkan kesenangan.Tujuan untuk mendapatkan kesenangan itu tidak dapat dikatakan menyimpang dari aturan agama. Sebagian lainnya justru mengharamkannya karena pernikahan ini tidak bertujuan untuk mewujudkan maslahah utama dari pernikahan, yaitu mendapatkan keturunan. Apabila dihubungkan dengan kajian maqa> ṣidal-aṣliyyah dan maqa> ṣid al-tab'iyyah, maka pendapat ulama yang membolehkan terjadinya nikah misya> r ini sepertinya tidak sesuai dengan keinginan al-Sya> ri' dalam mensyariatkan menikah. Oleh karena itu selayaknya pernikahan tersebut dilarang.Kata kunci: Nikah misya> r, maqa> ṣid al-aṣliyyah, maqa> ṣid al-tab'iyyah, keinginan al-Sya> ri', pernikahan AbstractThe main purpose of marriage is having progeny besides for having happy and restful life. It is common saying that every people that get married are having kids besides other purposes in their lives. Unlike the purpose of common marriage, the main purpose of nikah misya> ris not for having kids. Yet, nikah misya> r is the marriage that aims only to have life together legally and to get sexual pleasure. This kind of marriage is done like common marriage in Islamic law that still fulfils the requirements and the principles of marriage. Some of Ulamas see that nikah misya> r is allowed to do. They argue that the purpose of marriage is not only for having descendant, but also for enjoyment and happiness. Ignoring to have kids in marriage aim actually is not a digression of Islamic rules. Otherwise, some of Ulama strongly forbid this kind of marriage because it does not actualize the 216Busyro interest of marriage that is to have posterity. However, in maqa> ṣid al-aṣliyyah (primary purpose of syari'ah) and maqa> ṣid al-tab'iyyah (secondary purpose of syari'ah) view, nikah misya> r should be banned because it clearly infringes the will of The Lawmaker, al-Syâri' (Allah).Keywords: Nikah misya> r, maqa> ṣid al-aṣliyyah, maqa> ṣid al-tab'iyyah, will of alSyâri', marriage

Kawin Maupah: An Obligation to Get Married After Talak Tiga in the Tradition of Binjai Village in Pasaman District a Maqâṣid Al-Sharî’ah Review

“…As previously mentioned, the Prophet prohibited the nikah tah} lîl which is not intended to foster an everlasting marriage. According to Ibn Taymiyah (d. 728 H) and al-Syât} ibî (d. 790 H), as quoted by Busyro (2017), maqâs} id al-as} liyah of the marriage is to continue the lineage and to achieve this ultimate goal, one must sustain his marriage (al-dawâm wal al-baqâ` fî al-nikâh). If this main objective does not exist in a person's marriage purpose, then he does not actualize the purpose of marriage as Allah's will (the qas} d al-Syâri').…”

“…Furthermore, ibn Taimiyah and al-Syât} ibî said that the legal status of nikah tah} lîl is similar to the nikah mut'ah, because both acts eliminate the main purpose that should be actualized in a marriage, and it also eliminate other goals. The main purpose of lineage continuity will be difficult to achieve except by regarding the other goals that entail, which is to sustain the marriage (Busyro, 2017). Therefore, Islam in its principle does not allow the nikah tah} lîl that is engineered in such a way as to provide an opportunity for a man to remarry his ex-wife.…”

Living Under the Same Roof Before the Date of Separation: The Relevance of Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah and Minangkabaunese Custom in A New Direction for Families

“…The efforts to realize and maintain the five main elements are divided into three levels, they are aldharuriyat, al-hajiyat, and tahsiniyat. (Busyro, 2017).…”