Mer Tyrosine Kinase Regulates the Activation of Myeloid Cells and Innate Immune Responses in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Singanayagam, Arjuna; Triantafyllou, Evangelos; Patel, Vishal C.; Bernsmeier, Christine; Weston, Chris J.; Curbishley, Stuart M.; Willars, Christopher; Bernal, William; Auzinger, G.; Heneghan, M.; Dhar, Ameet; Adams, D.B.; Thursz, Mark; Wendon, Julia; Antoniades, C.G.

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(16)01650-0

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, HBV surface antigens elicit the differentiation of monocytes toward M-MDSCs in an autocrine manner by the activation of the kinase ERK and transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) ( 103 ). Interestingly, MERTK also regulates the activation of myeloid cells in ACLF (EASL-CLIF ACLF) ( 104 ). The expansion of CD14 + CD15 − HLA-DR − M-MDSCs in ACLF patients is also triggered by the activation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and circulating pathogen associated molecular patterns ( 27 ).…”

Section: Mdscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Innate Immunity in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Immunotargets for Therapeutics

Khanam

Kottilil

2020

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe life-threatening condition with high risk of multiorgan failure, sepsis, and mortality. ACLF activates a multifaceted interplay of both innate and adaptive immune response in the host which governs the overall outcome. Innate immune cells recognize the conserved elements of microbial and viral origin, both to extort instant defense by transforming into diverse modules of effector responses and to generate long-lasting immunity but can also trigger a massive intrahepatic immune inflammatory response. Acute insult results in the activation of innate immune cells which provokes cytokine and chemokine cascade and subsequently initiates aggressive systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hepatic damage, and high mortality in ACLF. Dysregulated innate immune response not only plays a critical role in disease progression but also potentially correlates with clinical disease severity indices including Child-Turcotte-Pugh, a model for end-stage liver disease, and sequential organ failure assessment score. A better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of the disease and precise immune mechanisms associated with liver injury offers a novel approach for the development of new and efficient therapies to treat this severely ill entity. Immunotherapies could be helpful in targeting immune-mediated organ damage which may constrain progression toward liver failure and eventually reduce the requirement for liver transplantation. Here, in this review we discuss the defects of different innate immune cells in ACLF which updates the current knowledge of innate immune response and provide potential targets for new therapeutic interventions.

show abstract

Section: Mdscsmentioning

confidence: 99%