"Mercerization" of Cotton with Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide

Tóth, Tünde; Borsa, Judit; Reicher, J.; Sallay, P.; Sajó, István E.; Tanczos, I.

doi:10.1177/004051750307300313

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Some of the most important steps in fiber processing involve alkalis, such sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, and some fiber response to alkali treatments is an important criterion. (Bredereck et al 2003;Toth et al 2003). Many reports on the morphological structure of man-made cellulosic fibers and their treatment with crosslinking agents have been published (Nicolai et al 1998;Chae et al 2003;Zhang et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrillation Tendency of Cellulosic Fibers. Part 1: Effects of Swelling

Zhang¹,

Okubayashi²,

Bechtold³

2005

Cellulose

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The fibrillation tendencies of various cellulosic fibers in aqueous solution containing alkali metal hydroxide and ethanol were evaluated with two specific parameters: the critical point of fibrillation (CPF conc. ), that is a concentration of swelling agent where the fibrillation begins, and the ratio of initial increase in fibril number to increase in concentration of swelling agent (I i ). The CPF conc. and the I i are defined as fibrillation stability and fibrillation sensitivity to swelling agent, respectively. Lyocell fiber (CLY1) has the smallest CPF conc. and the largest I i , representing the lowest fibrillation stability and the highest fibrillation sensitivity, leading to the highest fibrillation tendency in CLY1 among the fibers tested. Although crosslinking improved fibrillation stability in lyocell as compared to modal, the fibrillation stability remained higher owing to the high water capacity and the high affinity for alkali. In alkali solution at the same concentration CLY1 fibrillation increased in the order of LiOH > NaOH > KOH. However, the plot of fibril number against solvent retention value of CLY1 in different alkaline solutions gives a slope of 110 count Á g/cm 3 regardless of alkali type, the critical degree of swelling for CLY1 with no fibrillation was 0.62 cm 3 /g in alkali solutions and 0.45 cm 3 /g in ethanol/water mixture.Nomenclature: W w -weight of fibers after centrifugation (g); W d -weight of fibers after drying (g); D alk. -density of alkaline solution (g/cm 3 ); ARV -solvent retention value in alkaline solution (cm 3 /g); WRVsolvent retention value in water (cm 3 /g); ERV -solvent retention value in ethanol/water mixture (cm 3 /g); I i -initial increase in fibril number (count Á l/mol); V p -pore volume (cm 3 /g); CPF conc. -critical point of fibrillation (mol/l)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrillation Tendency of Cellulosic Fibers. Part 1: Effects of Swelling

Zhang¹,

Okubayashi²,

Bechtold³

2005

Cellulose

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“…Alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide is commonly used for the various modifications of cellulose materials e.g. mercerization that is a conventional technique to improve dimensional stability, strength, luster and dyeability of cotton by use of highly concentrated sodium hydroxide (Warwicker 1969;Freytag and Donze 1983;Bhama et al 1989;Toth et al 2003), preparation of rayon fibers (Wilkes 2001) and introduction of distinct chemical substances into the cellulose materials in order to alter their properties (Bhama et al 1980;Nechwatal et al 1999;Renfrew and Phillips 2003). The alkali metal hydroxides function not only as a catalyst for the reactions but also as a swelling agent of cellulose materials owing to their strong affinity with hydroxyl group of cellulose (Hebeish et al 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali Uptake and Swelling Behavior of Lyocell Fiber and their Effects on Crosslinking Reaction

Okubayashi

Bechtold

2005

Cellulose

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The swelling behavior of lyocell fiber in alkali solutions and the alkali uptake were investigated as well as their influences on the reaction of sodium-hydroxy-dichlor-triazine with lyocell. The uptake of NaOH was increased from 0.69 mmol/g up to 4.63 mmol/g, leading to the enhancement of fiber swelling from 1.01 cm 3 /g to 2.34 cm 3 /g when alkali concentration in preliminary alkali treatment was increased from 0.4 mol/l to 8.0 mol/l. The rise in alkali uptake heightened the crosslinking reaction. The fiber swelling was hindered by addition of acetone to alkali solution, resulting in water retention capacity of 0.64 cm 3 /g in the 37.5% v/v of acetone/water mixture and increase in the reaction yield. The fiber was more swollen in NaOH solution than in KOH though the uptake of NaOH was 5.7-times less than that of KOH. The reaction yield of crosslinking agent in NaOH solution was 9.9-times larger than that in KOH at the same alkali uptake. The abrasion resistance of lyocell fiber was improved by the method used in this work, causing high pilling resistance of lyocell fabric as compared to a conventional method.

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“…The depth of the shade was estimated from the Kubelka-Munk function, using (K/S) values, which were corrected for reflectance from undyed (initial blue) substrate, using eqs. (1) and (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The most commonly used mercerization agents were sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions of different concentration, but recently, a lot of attention has been paid to the use of other swelling reagents or mixtures. 2,3 The swelling of cellulose in alkali solutions causes changes in the crystallinity, accessibility, unit cell structure, and orientation of fibrils in cellulosic fibers. The extent to which mercerization solutions change these properties depend on factors such as the concentration of the solution, the additives mixed with alkalis, the temperature, the degree of polymerization, the source of cellulose, the physical state of the cellulose (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline treatment of cotton in different reagent mixtures with reduced water content. I. Influence of alkali type and additives

Ibănescu

Schimper²,

Bechtold³

2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of some swelling agents with reduced water content on final properties of cotton fabrics. A single-step swelling of cotton in the reagent was used. There were selected properties generally used to characterize mercerized cotton that are technologically important, such as water retention, shrinkage, stiffness, crease recovery angle, and hand. Water retention method and dyeing with CI Direct Red 81 have been used to compare the degree of swelling for different samples. Correlations have been established between structural changes induced by the swelling agents and final properties of cotton fabric. The mixtures of an alkali solution and an additive produced similar or better end-use properties as compared with classical sodium hydroxide or ammonia treatments, combining the action of a diluted alkali solution (3.13 mol/L NaOH or KOH) and a nonalkali reagent.

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"Mercerization" of Cotton with Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Fibrillation Tendency of Cellulosic Fibers. Part 1: Effects of Swelling

Fibrillation Tendency of Cellulosic Fibers. Part 1: Effects of Swelling

Alkali Uptake and Swelling Behavior of Lyocell Fiber and their Effects on Crosslinking Reaction

Alkaline treatment of cotton in different reagent mixtures with reduced water content. I. Influence of alkali type and additives

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