Mercury and Halogens in Coal

Kolker, Allan; Quick, Jeffrey

doi:10.1002/9783527658787.ch2

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Calculation of the bromide content based on chloride content was used in this project. The bromide‐to‐chloride mass ratio is relatively constant in different coal ranks at 0.02 Br/Cl (Kolker & Quick ). The bromide content of coal used for this study was calculated on the basis of the coal rank and chloride content using the 0.02 mg Br‐to‐Cl ratio.…”

Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Bromide River Transport and Bromide Impacts on Disinfection Byproducts

et al. 2018

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Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during potable water treatment can be affected by bromide (Br)containing discharges into receiving streams from coal-fired power plants as well as other sources that increase the bromide content of the source water. This research focused on two aspects related to bromide increases in receiving streams. First, a bromide river transport model was adapted to track bromide concentrations in the river following a point discharge. In this work, the point discharges modeled were coalfired power plants. The model tracked the bromide concentrations at river segments after the point of discharge daily and, therefore, at water intakes as a function of time. In this article, the application of the model is illustrated for two rivers: the Ohio River along the Indiana and Kentucky borders and the Dan River in Virginia and North Carolina. Second, models to predict DBP formation due to increased bromide in source waters were developed. The source waters used in the DBP models were obtained from 13 states across the United States. Good model fits were found for predicting trihalomethane as bromide varies, as well as for predicting the unregulated sum of four haloacetic acids (HAA4). A method was also developed to predict the sum of nine HAAs (HAA9) based on measured sum of five HAAs (HAA5; the currently regulated HAAs) and modeled HAA4. The DBP formation models developed using the specific criteria evaluated in this research would have applications beyond only bromide discharges from coal-fired power plants and would apply to any cause of a bromide increase in the source water.

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Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Bromide River Transport and Bromide Impacts on Disinfection Byproducts

et al. 2018

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“…On a mass basis, bromine is typically 1-4 percent of the chlorine content of U.S. coals (Vosteen and others, 2010;Kolker and others, 2012). Halogen contents of U.S. coals vary with rank and are lowest in low-rank coals and anthracite (Kolker and Quick, 2015; appendix 2, slide 3.1-6). The mode of occurrence of halogens in coal was investigated by Huggins and Huffman (1995), using spectroscopic approaches, which showed that halogens in coal are associated with the organic fraction, indicating a predominant association where halogens present in coal moisture are loosely bound to maceral surfaces or retained in pore spaces.…”

Section: Mercury and Halogens In Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topics in coal geochemistry—Short course

Kolker¹

2018

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“…Existing EPA and USGS databases provide large data resources for characterizing U.S. coal (table 1). The contents of each of these databases are reviewed by Kolker and Quick (2015,…”

Section: What Sources Of Existing Data Are Available That Could Be Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For mercury, current bulk analytical methods most widely used in coal analysis include thermal decomposition, amalgamation, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, collectively known as direct mercury analysis (DMA; U.S. EPA, 2007), and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAA; Aruscavage and Moore, 1989;O'Leary, 1997). For the USGS COALQUAL database, mercury data generated before 2005 were determined by CVAA and more recent results by DMA (Kolker and Quick, 2015). Other methods, such as cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), have been applied in specific cases, as discussed in Kolker and Quick (2015).…”

Section: What New Data Are Needed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the USGS COALQUAL database, mercury data generated before 2005 were determined by CVAA and more recent results by DMA (Kolker and Quick, 2015). Other methods, such as cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), have been applied in specific cases, as discussed in Kolker and Quick (2015). For mercury isotopic data, cold vapor mercury generation is used together with a multi-collector ICP-MS (Lefticariu and others, 2011).…”

Mercury and Halogens in Coal

Cited by 9 publications

References 72 publications

Modeling Bromide River Transport and Bromide Impacts on Disinfection Byproducts

Modeling Bromide River Transport and Bromide Impacts on Disinfection Byproducts

Topics in coal geochemistry—Short course

Mercury in U.S. coal—Priorities for new U.S. Geological Survey studies

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