Mercury degassing from forested and open field soils in Rondônia, Western Amazon, Brazil

Almeida, Marcelo Dominguez de; Marins, Rozane Valente; Paraquetti, Heloisa H. M.; Bastos, Wanderley Rodrigues; Lacerda, Luiz Drude de

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.05.018

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The primary vector responsible for increasing Hg mobilization is the conversion of forest to pasture and agriculture by slash and burning, which results in Hg degassing to the atmosphere and increasing particulate Hg transport due to erosion. Deforestation increases soil exposure to extreme climate conditions, allowing the direct incidence of solar radiation, including the stronger photo-reducing UV radiation, and augmenting temperatures of the overlying air and the soil itself (Almeida et al 2009). It also enhances weathering and accelerates changes in the soil composition by increasing pH and decreasing soil organic matter content and, consequently, the soil capacity to complex and immobilize Hg by means of organic complexing (Herpin et al 2002, Moraes et al 1996.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of land use changes in the mercury flux in the Madeira River, Western Amazon

Lacerda

Bastos

Almeida

2012

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Changes in hydrochemistry and Hg distribution in the Madeira River from Porto Velho to the confluence with the Amazon River were studied in two cruises in 1997 and 2002. Water conductivity was similar in both periods, but the pH was significantly higher in 2002, in particular along the middle reaches of the river. Total suspended matter concentrations also increased from 1997 to 2002 along the same river portion, which is a result of forest conversion to other land uses, in particular pastures and agriculture accelerated during the interval between the cruises. Dissolved Hg concentrations were similar along the river in both cruises, but particulate Hg concentrations increased significantly along the middle portion of the river, although the suspended matter from 2002 was relatively poorer in Hg compared to that from 1997. Since particulate Hg represents more than 90% of the total Hg present in the river water, there was a significant increase in the total Hg transport in the Madeira River. Although gold mining has nearly ceased to exist in the region, the remobilization of Hg from forest soils through conversion to other land uses is responsible for maintaining relatively high Hg content in the Madeira River environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of land use changes in the mercury flux in the Madeira River, Western Amazon

Lacerda

Bastos

Almeida

2012

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…From both of the experiments, mercury emission fluxes were highly correlated to air and soil temperature as well as solar radiation. The difference of mercury fluxes between the two soils was mainly comes from the understory that blocked the sunlight, which can accelerate the photo-reductions of Hg 2+ in soils and drove an increase of mercury emissions from soil, and which can also cause an increase in soil temperature, leading to expansion of gases in the soil and emission to the atmosphere (Gabriela et al, 2011;Almeida et al, 2009). Additionally, thicker litter on the soil surface with understory may also block the solar radiation and inhibited mercury emissions.…”

Section: Influence Of Understory On the Mercury Flux: Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Gabriela et al, 2011;Almeida et al, 2009). In the control group (no addition of TGM), mercury exchange flux showed a significant correlation with air temperature and solar radiation (p b 0.01 for all) (Fig.…”

Section: Influence Of Atmospheric Tgm On the Mercury Flux: Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some recent studies and models of its cycle in the environment suggested that mercury emissions and re-emissions from soil and vegetation were estimated up to 5500-8900 tons, accounting for 19-51% of the current release to the atmosphere from all sources (UNEP, 2013). Furthermore, studies have also reported that mercury evasion from forest and grassland was an important source of total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the atmosphere in the background area (Zhou et al, 2015;Ericksen et al, 2006;Choi and Holsen, 2009a;Almeida et al, 2009). Therefore, soil/air exchange flux is an important component of the mercury global biogeochemical cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Choi and Holsen, 2009b;Yang et al, 2007) and meteorological parameters (e.g. UV radiation, air temperature, rainfall) (Gabriela et al, 2011;Almeida et al, 2009). However, results of how these factors influence the mercury emissions are often inconsistent and even contradictory (Park et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of factors affecting mercury emission from subtropical forest soil: A field controlled study in southwestern China

Zhou

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Recent studies demonstrated that subtropical forest in China was considered as a large pool of atmospheric mercury and soils of forested watershed is a large reservoir of atmospherically deposited mercury. However, forest ecosystems not only act as sinks but also as sources of previously deposited mercury emitted back to the atmosphere. In this study a field controlled method was performed in Tieshanping National Forest Park (TNFP) to identify the effects of the most important parameters that controlled mercury emissions from soil surfaces, including chamber flushing flow turnover times (TOTs), soil water content and watering, total gaseous mercury (TGM) in air and understory. Flushing flow rates significantly affected the calculation of mercury flux and the optimal TOTs were 0.94 min in the forest. TGM in atmosphere was significantly inhibited mercury emission from soils, and the deposited mercury was not absorbed firmly by the soils in a short time and emitted back to atmosphere rapidly when TGM concentration decreased. Higher soil moisture reduced the emission of mercury and initial watering produces a spike in the mercury emissions due to the interstitial soil gas mercury displaced by infiltrating water physically. However, subsequent watering was reducing the fluxes, because surface soil was saturated and soil pores were blocked by water film and inhibited the soil mercury emission. Soils under the understory had a higher mercury concentrations and deep organic layers. However, the fluxes of soil under the understory significantly were inhibited in daytime because solar radiation was blocked by the understory and the higher litter layer.

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A synthesis of mercury research in the Southern Hemisphere, part 2: Anthropogenic perturbations

Fisher

Schneider

Fostier

et al. 2023

Ambio

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Environmental mercury (Hg) contamination is a global concern requiring action at national scales. Scientific understanding and regulatory policies are underpinned by global extrapolation of Northern Hemisphere Hg data, despite historical, political, and socioeconomic differences between the hemispheres that impact Hg sources and sinks. In this paper, we explore the primary anthropogenic perturbations to Hg emission and mobilization processes that differ between hemispheres and synthesize current understanding of the implications for Hg cycling. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), lower historical production of Hg and other metals implies lower present-day legacy emissions, but the extent of the difference remains uncertain. More use of fire and higher deforestation rates drive re-mobilization of terrestrial Hg, while also removing vegetation that would otherwise provide a sink for atmospheric Hg. Prevalent Hg use in artisanal and small-scale gold mining is a dominant source of Hg inputs to the environment in tropical regions. Meanwhile, coal-fired power stations continue to be a significant Hg emission source and industrial production of non-ferrous metals is a large and growing contributor. Major uncertainties remain, hindering scientific understanding and effective policy formulation, and we argue for an urgent need to prioritize research activities in under-sampled regions of the SH.

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Mercury degassing from forested and open field soils in Rondônia, Western Amazon, Brazil

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

The impacts of land use changes in the mercury flux in the Madeira River, Western Amazon

The impacts of land use changes in the mercury flux in the Madeira River, Western Amazon

Investigation of factors affecting mercury emission from subtropical forest soil: A field controlled study in southwestern China

A synthesis of mercury research in the Southern Hemisphere, part 2: Anthropogenic perturbations

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