“…A chemically modified CPE is obtained by the simple addition of the chemical modifier to the mixture between graphite powder and the binder agent. Several chemical modifiers have been used such as ion exchange materials, 6,7 silica, and organofunctionalized silicas, [8][9][10][11] metallic nanoparticles, 12,13 oxides 14 and complexes, 15,16 carbon nanotubes, 17 etc. These materials have allowed the preparation of CPEs with superior analytical performance extending their application to trace analysis of different kinds of analytes, such as metal ions, 18,19 drugs, 20,21 organic pollutants, 22 and biologically important compounds.…”