Mercury removal from aqueous solution and flue gas by adsorption on activated carbon fibres

Nabais, J.M. Valente; Carrott, P.J.M.; Carrott, M.M.L. Ribeiro; Belchior, Marisa; Boavida, D.; Diall, Tatiana; Gulyurtlu, I.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.11.034

Cited by 59 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[3] Recently, sorption was reported to be a promising method for heavy metal removal. [4][5][6] Polymer sorbents such as polyaniline (PAN) which can strongly interact with mercury ions have been developed and applied for the elimination of inorganic and organic mercury. [7][8][9] Here we report facile preparation of copolymer particles as a novel cost-efficient sorbent through classical chemical oxidative copolymerization of aniline (AN) and 5-sulfo-2-anisidine (SA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The sulfo groups on the macromolecular chains can not only chelate mercury(II) ions but can also form a ring with adjacent imino groups, which further consolidates the chelation effect. Methoxyl groups can also chelate metal ions, though their chelating ability is weak compared with amino and imino groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[21] Effect of ultrasonic treatment: As-prepared nanoparticles of the AN/SAA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (50/50) copolymer are prone to aggregate during the drying process. Therefore, ultrasonic treatment before sorption is necessary to ensure that the particles become nanosized again for sufficient exposure of more inner func- ethylenediamine-modified methyl methacrylate 700 [7] thiol-functionalized organoceramic 740 [14] acrylamide-grafted sulfonamide-based resin 1154 [8] chlorosulfonamidated polystyrene resin 1384 [15] urea-grafted glycidyl methacrylate-based resin 1745 [16] Durvillaea potatorum 622 [17] activated carbon fiber 710 [5] glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan 891 [18] benzoylthiourea-modified mesoporous silica 1000 [19] thiol-grafted chitosan 1605 [20] poly(aniline-co-5-sulfonic-2-anisidine) 2063 this work tional groups. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the Hgion sorption of the copolymer particles is illustrated in Figure 9.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Strong Adsorbability of Mercury Ions on Aniline/Sulfoanisidine Copolymer Nanosorbents

Feng

Huang

2009

Chemistry A European J

124

100

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The highest Hg-ion adsorbance so far, namely up to 2063 mg g(-1), has been achieved by poly(aniline-co-5-sulfo-2-anisidine) nanosorbents. Sorption of Hg ions occurs mainly by redox and chelation mechanisms (see scheme), but also by ion exchange and physisorption.Poly(aniline (AN)-co-5-sulfo-2-anisidine (SA)) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical oxidative copolymerization of AN and SA monomers, and their extremely strong adsorption of mercury ions in aqueous solution was demonstrated. The reactivity ratios of AN and SA comonomers were found to be 2.05 and 0.02, respectively. While AN monomer tends to homopolymerize, SA monomer tends to copolymerize with AN monomer because of the great steric hindrance and electron-attracting effect of the sulfo groups, despite the effect of conjugation of the methoxyl group with the benzene ring. The effects of initial mercury(II) concentration, sorption time, sorption temperature, ultrasonic treatment, and sorbent dosage on mercury-ion sorption onto AN/SA (50/50) copolymer nanoparticles with a number-average diameter of around 120 nm were significantly optimized. The results show that the maximum Hg-ion sorption capacity on the particulate nanosorbents can even reach 2063 mg of Hg per gram of sorbent, which would be the highest Hg-ion adsorbance so far. The sorption data fit to the Langmuir isotherm, and the process obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics. The IR and UV/Vis spectral data of the Hg-loaded copolymer particles suggest that some mercury(II) was directly reduced by the copolymer to mercury(I) and even mercury(0). A mechanism of sorption between the particles and Hg ions in aqueous solution is proposed, and a physical/ion exchange/chelation/redox sorption ratio of around 2/3/45/50 was found. Copolymer nanoparticles may be one of the most powerful and cost-effective sorbents of mercury ions, with a wide range of potential applications for the efficient removal and even recovery of the mercury ions from aqueous solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong Adsorbability of Mercury Ions on Aniline/Sulfoanisidine Copolymer Nanosorbents

Feng

Huang

2009

Chemistry A European J

124

100

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“…Among the activating agents used most frequently are H 3 PO 4 , ZnCl 2 , KOH, etc. A wealth of literature is devoted to studies of the adsorption of mercury from a single solute solution by AC (Valenzuela Calahorro et al 1990;Gómez-Serrano et al 1998;Pulido et al 1998;Hsi et al 2002;Yardim et al 2003;Li et al 2003;Ho et al 2004;Nabais et al 2006; and so on). However, the use of ACs prepared by chemical activation with various activating agents has been much less frequent (Zhang et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of mercury from single and multicomponent metal systems on activated carbon developed from cherry stones

et al. 2008

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The adsorption of mercury from a single/multisolute aqueous solution by activated carbon (AC) prepared from cherry stones (CS) by chemical activation with H 3 PO 4 , ZnCl 2 or KOH is studied. Three series of AC (i.e., P, H 3 PO 4 ; Z, ZnCl 2 ; K, KOH) were prepared by controlling the impregnation ratio and carbonization temperature. The textural characterization of AC was carried out by gas adsorption, mercury porosimetry and density measurements. The surface chemistry was analyzed by the pH of the point of zero charge (pH zpc ), FT-IR spectroscopy and Boehm's method. Experiments of mercury adsorption were conducted by the batch method, using aqueous solutions of mercury and of mercury, cadmium and zinc without pH adjustment. The ACs possess a wide range of pore volumes and sizes. Their microporosity is usually well developed. The meso-and macropore volumes are higher for the P carbons and K carbons, respectively. BET surface areas as a rule range between 1000 and 2000 m 2 g −1 . The pH zpc is much lower for the P carbons. The content of acidic oxygen surface groups is lower for the K carbons, whereas the content of basic groups is higher for these carbons. The kinetics of the adsorption process of mercury is faster for ACs with high volumes of large size pores. However, the surface groups have M. Olivares-Marín · C. Fernández-González · V. Gómez-Serrano ( ) a marked unfavorable influence on the kinetics. The pseudosecond order rate constant (k 2 × 10 −3 , g/mol h) is higher by the order Z-4-800 (67.69) > K-3-800 (43.45) > P-3. 44-400 (36.98). The incorporation of zinc and cadmium to the mercury solution usually decelerates the adsorption process for the P carbons and Z carbons and accelerates it for the K carbons. The amount adsorbed of mercury is much larger for the K carbons than for the other ACs. For the Z carbons, competition effects of zinc and cadmium on the adsorption of mercury are negligible, which indicates that mercury adsorbs specifically on surface active sites of these adsorbents.

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“…Practically, sulfur is introduced into the structure of ACs according to several procedures including treatment with sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide (Macias-Garcia et al 2003), elemental sulfur (Korpiel and Vidic1997;Nabais et al 2006;Asasian and Kaghazchi 2013a), carbon disulfide, and other sulfur-containing solutions such as Na 2 S and K 2 S (Ranganathan and Balasubramanian 2002;Wajima et al 2009;Silva et al 2010). For example, Otani et al 1988 in order to obtain a mercury-selective sorbent treated a kind of AC by soaking in a CS 2 solution of sulfur, followed by evaporating the solvent in N 2 gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfurized activated carbons and their mercury adsorption/desorption behavior in aqueous phase

Asasian

Kaghazchi

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Sulfurized activated carbons (SACs) are of the most recent forms of modified sorbents with high affinity toward mercury. The adsorption/desorption behavior of SACs has not been studied in detail in liquid phases. The study was carried out with the aim of recognition of similarities and differences in the properties and performances of SACs and activated carbons (ACs) exposing to aqueous-phase mercury. In this study, three different sulfurizing agents including dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), elemental sulfur (S), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) were tested for AC sulfurization (each under the optimal conditions). Sulfurization with DMDS at room temperature led to the formation of elemental sulfur and sulfide/disulfide on the AC surface; however, sulfurization at higher temperatures with SO 2 and powdered S resulted in the formation of more stable organic forms such as thiophene and oxidized sulfur. The equilibrium mercury adsorption capacity of AC-DMDS was so larger than AC and other SACs. On the other hand, the largest surface area drop and consequently the slowest mercury adsorption rate belonged to this sample. However, AC-S and AC-SO 2 led to moderate increase in mercury equilibrium adsorption capacity; they showed several advantages resulted from their extended porosities and more stable sulfur functionalities. The more accelerated adsorption especially at initial stages of contact in batch modes and negligible entry of sulfur compounds into the treating wastewater were of their important advantages. Mercury desorption was also studied and compared using several acidic and potassium halide solvents. The possibility of applicability of SACs in consecutive mercury adsorption/desorption cycles was also investigated.

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Mercury removal from aqueous solution and flue gas by adsorption on activated carbon fibres

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

Strong Adsorbability of Mercury Ions on Aniline/Sulfoanisidine Copolymer Nanosorbents

Strong Adsorbability of Mercury Ions on Aniline/Sulfoanisidine Copolymer Nanosorbents

Adsorption of mercury from single and multicomponent metal systems on activated carbon developed from cherry stones

Sulfurized activated carbons and their mercury adsorption/desorption behavior in aqueous phase

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