Merged trees in second‐growth, fire‐origin forests in Patagonia, Chile: positive spatial association patterns and their ecological implications

Fajardo, Alex; McIntire, Eliot J. B.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1000054

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the case of the southern beech, Nothofagus pulmilio (Till-Bottraud et al 2012), the high genetic relatedness among members of multi-stem trees, typical of full-or half-sibs, was explained by the joint dispersal of seeds by gravity or animals. Seeds then settle and germinate together, giving rise to a multi-stemmed tree of several germ lines likely produced by a single parental tree (Fajardo and McIntire 2010). A high within-group relatedness has also been reported in several marine invertebrates including corals (Amar et al 2008;Puill-Stephan et al 2009), an hydrozoan (Grosberg et al 1996) and a colonial ascidian (Rinkevich 2005).…”

Section: Relatedness Within Chimerasmentioning

confidence: 94%

Higher reproductive success for chimeras than solitary individuals in the kelp Lessonia spicata but no benefit for individual genotypes

Casares

Faugeron

2016

Evol Ecol

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Chimerism is a peculiar, yet widespread, type of group living in which genetically heterogeneous entities are created through fusion between conspecifics. Here we tested whether chimerism provides direct benefits to the kelp Lessonia spicata, by analyzing its consequences on reproductive investment and success, at both the genotype and thallus levels. In addition, we quantified the frequency of chimerism in two natural populations, tested if group members were close kin, and evaluated the effects of relatedness and the number of genotypes per thallus on reproduction. Chimeric thalli were frequent ([60 %) in natural populations of L. spicata. In most cases, average intragroup relatedness was not significantly different from the background population. Reproductive investment was not significantly affected by the type of thallus (chimeric versus non-chimeric), by the number of genotypes per thallus or the average relatedness within thallus. Chimerism did not result in net benefits or costs in terms of genotypic reproductive success or probability of reproducing at the genotypic level. Yet, at the thallus level, chimerism increased reproductive success and the probability of reproducing, since more than one genotype reproduced in chimeric thallus. At the population level, chimerism affects L. spicata reproductive success by allowing the coexistence of a higher density of potential reproducers and mates compared to a scenario with only non-chimeric thallus. Chimerism may then have an important effect on the effective population size and possibly in reducing selfing rates.

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Section: Relatedness Within Chimerasmentioning

confidence: 94%

Higher reproductive success for chimeras than solitary individuals in the kelp Lessonia spicata but no benefit for individual genotypes

Casares

Faugeron

2016

Evol Ecol

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“…Nevertheless, forest borders adjacent to unburned stands would act as buffer areas, providing intermediate soil biochemical conditions, semi-shade levels of luminosity, and higher number of seeds from unburned forest boundaries, where recruitment would be most successful. As showed by Fajardo and McIntire (2010), burned forests edges exhibit aggregate establishment of trees that tend to merge producing an "extremely unusual aggregation of mature trees". In this sense, a mast-seeding interval would completely change the recruitment conditions observed in this study and consequently, the recovery state of the affected stands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a tourist-ignited wildfire on Nothofagus pumilio forests at Torres del Paine biosphere reserve, Chile (Southern Patagonia)

Vidal

Reif

2011

Bosque (Valdivia)

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Efecto de un incendio forestal causado por un turista sobre bosques de Nothofagus pumilio en la reserva de la biosfera Torres del Paine, Chile (Patagonia Austral) SUMMARY This study describes the impact of a wildfire caused by a tourist at Torres del Paine Biosphere Reserve in 2005, which destroyed approximately 2,000 ha of forests. Changes on biodiversity attributes of Nothofagus pumilio stands including structure, floristic composition and regeneration, are shown. We compared three plot groups having similar site and structure: Cordón Masle burned plots (CMBP); Cordón Masle unburned plots (CMUP), adjacent to the first ones; and Cerro Paine unburned plots (CPUP), outside the fire perimeter. Data was analyzed using univariate (Mann-Whitney) and multivariate (MRPP and ISA) non-parametric analysis. In CMBP, the fire reduced in average 91.7 % of the tree density and 70.9 % of the basal area. In the unburned plots the average of seedling was 23,625 and 22,750 ha-1 in CPUP and CMUP respectively, whereas in burned ones it was only 1,125 ha-1 in CMBP. Canopy layer collapsed and species richness and cover on ground increased significantly in burned plots. The average of exotics increased from 1.5 and 0.6 in CPUP and CMUP respectively to 11.9 in CMBP. Tree mortality, lower regeneration, biological invasion and broken canopy-ground balance in burned stands, are altering the successional pathways of forests, making difficult the forest regeneration and restoration efforts. Based on this information, we propose managers to encourage efforts in fire prevention and to incorporate a database on biodiversity indicators for management plans, in order to know more about the ecological integrity of ecosystems and the impacts provoked by recreation. RESUMEN Se describe el impacto de un incendio causado por un turista en la reserva de la biosfera Torres del Paine en el 2005 que destruyó aproximadamente 2.000 ha de bosques. Se muestran los cambios ocurridos en atributos de bosques de Nothofagus pumilio incluyendo estructura, regeneración y composición florística. Se comparan tres grupos de parcelas con sitio y estructura semejantes: parcelas incendiadas (CMBP) y parcelas adyacentes no incendiadas (CMUP) del Cordón Masle, y parcelas no incendiadas de Cerro Paine (CPUP), fuera del perímetro del incendio. Se utilizó análisis no paramétricos univariados (Mann-Whitney) y multivariados (MRPP e ISA). En los sitios incendiados, el fuego redujo en promedio el 91,7 % de la densidad arbórea y el 70,9 % del área basal. El promedio de plántulas fue de 23.625 y 22.750 ha-1 en CPUP y CMUP, respectivamente, mientras que en CMBP se redujo a 1.125 ha-1. El dosel colapsó y la cobertura y riqueza de especies de sotobosque incrementó significativamente en las parcelas incendiadas. El promedio de exóticas incrementó de 1,5 y 0,7 especies en CPUP y CMUP, respectivamente, hasta 11,9 especies en CMBP. La mortalidad de árboles, escasa regeneración, invasión biológica y el colapso del dosel, están alterando las vías sucesionales de los bosques reduciendo su ca...

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“…Positive interactions are thought to increase in importance when environmental conditions are harsher (see examples in Figure 3 ) becoming, thus, potentially more intense under current and future global changes ( Michalet et al, 2006 ). This increase has been found in alpine and arctic habitats, where plant performance is limited by cold temperatures ( Cavieres et al, 2014 ); in Mediterranean ecosystems subjected to intense and frequent drought events, and in other systems where survival or growth are limited by pervasive strong winds or excessive irradiance ( Gómez-Aparicio et al, 2005 ; Cavieres and Badano, 2009 ; Fajardo and McIntire, 2010 ). Moreover, shifts from competition to facilitation at increasing stress have been demonstrated (e.g., Gross et al, 2013 ) despite exceptions and controversy ( Maestre et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Facilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species coexistence in a changing world

et al. 2015

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The consequences of global change for the maintenance of species diversity will depend on the sum of each species responses to the environment and on the interactions among them. A wide ecological literature supports that these species-specific responses can arise from factors related to life strategies, evolutionary history and intraspecific variation, and also from environmental variation in space and time. In the light of recent advances from coexistence theory combined with mechanistic explanations of diversity maintenance, we discuss how global change drivers can influence species coexistence. We revise the importance of both competition and facilitation for understanding coexistence in different ecosystems, address the influence of phylogenetic relatedness, functional traits, phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific variability, and discuss lessons learnt from invasion ecology. While most previous studies have focused their efforts on disentangling the mechanisms that maintain the biological diversity in species-rich ecosystems such as tropical forests, grasslands and coral reefs, we argue that much can be learnt from pauci-specific communities where functional variability within each species, together with demographic and stochastic processes becomes key to understand species interactions and eventually community responses to global change.

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Merged trees in second‐growth, fire‐origin forests in Patagonia, Chile: positive spatial association patterns and their ecological implications

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Higher reproductive success for chimeras than solitary individuals in the kelp Lessonia spicata but no benefit for individual genotypes

Higher reproductive success for chimeras than solitary individuals in the kelp Lessonia spicata but no benefit for individual genotypes

Effect of a tourist-ignited wildfire on Nothofagus pumilio forests at Torres del Paine biosphere reserve, Chile (Southern Patagonia)

Species coexistence in a changing world

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