Mergers and acquisitions in Brazilian industry: a study of spillover effects

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of different kinds of merger and acquisitions (M&As) on domestic industries’ productivity in the form of technological change (TC) and efficiency change (EC) in the Brazilian extracting and processing industries. Design/methodology/approach Panel data analysis is employed to test the impact of different kinds of M&As spillovers on each component of productivity growth. The database contains data collected from 2007 to 2011 referring to the Brazilian industries. The estimation procedure involves two stages. The first stage decomposes TFP growth into EC and TC using a input-based Malmquist Productivity Index. In the second step, EC and TC indexes are used interchangeably as a dependent variable in panel data regressions on the M&As-spillover variables. Findings The results indicate a positive relationship between TC and M&As made by Brazilian majority capital acquiring foreign-held capital from a company established abroad, which is consistent with reverse spillover theory. They also suggest an inverse relationship between TC and M&A operations made by companies with foreign majority capital acquiring both Brazilian-held capital and foreign-held capital from a company established in Brazil. Only the sectors that are capable of increasing their productivity via TC are able to benefit from technology transfer. Research limitations/implications This study is limited by the extent of data aggregation applied, which did not identify M&A transaction effects at the firm level. The available data do not allow isolating the effects of M&A processes on industry performance, given the co-occurrence of several factors that affect the performance of the industry. The study results imply that public managers must remain cognizant of the critical need to preserve and maximize competition between foreign and domestic firms while promoting a competitive environment that encourages the development of domestic technological capacities and skilled human capital. Practical implications M&A processes raise important issues with respect to organizational decisions and industrial policy. Studies of M&A transactions may be of fundamental importance to the expansion of healthy companies as they evolve through successive stages of growth and development. Liberalizing regulations to promote M&A transactions, and corporate market control is only justified if it promotes social welfare and economic development. Understanding the complexity and dynamics of this phenomenon and appreciating the heterogeneity of possible outcomes can lead to more relevant discussion regarding their contributions. Social implications Results found in this study indicate the need for greater efforts to understand how M&A operations, especially those associated to foreign-held capital, interact with local owned enterprises in developing economies and what benefits can be achieved through public policy. M&A operations need to be well evaluated by considering the kinds and intensities of externalities they might generate, whether and how local firms can potentially internalize those gains, building up absorptive capacities in order to achieve productivity spillover gains. Originality/value This study not only offers a more accurate understanding of the diverse nature and effects of M&A operations, but also stimulates a more relevant public policy discussion related to both foreign direct investment and OFDI incentives in Brazil. The growing economic importance of the activities of developing emerging countries’ multinational enterprises is making governments more inclined to re-evaluate their political strategies. Indeed, governments are beginning to recognize that markets need to be created, monitored and nurtured.

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“…Além da capacidade de aprendizagem e absorção, o impacto do IED também depende de outros aspectos relativos ao setor e país de recebimento (ANWAR;NNGUYEN, 2014;BRUHN et al, 2017;DESBORDES;WEI, 2017). A negação dessa hipótese pode dizer respeito ao fato das organizações obterem melhorias a partir do capital estrangeiro, apenas sob a condição de absorção das externalidades oriundas desses investimentos nos seus processos organizacionais (BRUHN et al;NARULA, 2014;DUNNING, 2010).…”

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Unveiling the Endogenous Relationship Between Technical Efficiency and Value Creation in Mergers and Acquisitions in Nigeria

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Prevaluating efficiency gains from potential mergers and acquisitions in the financial industry with the Resample Past–Present–Future data envelopment analysis approach

“…The results show that the type and origin of the bank will affect the final merger efficiency. Bruhn, Calegário, de Carvalho, Campos, and dos Santos (2017) used the Malmquist Productivity Index and regression model to analyze the merger efficiency of Brazil's refined industrial companies from 2007 to 2011. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the effect of technology cooperation and merger.…”