Merging of Globular Clusters in Inner Galactic Regions. II. Nuclear Star Cluster Formation

Capuzzo–Dolcetta, R.; Miocchi, P.

doi:10.1086/588017

Cited by 79 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Agarwal and Milosavljević (2011) modeled the infall (and stripping) of globular clusters analytically and concluded that this process could create NSCs which match the observed NSC masses. Capuzzo-Dolcetta and Miocchi (2008a) show that globular clusters merging at the center of a bulge leads to density-velocity dispersion properties consistent with those of observed NSCs. Analytic modeling of the infall of globular clusters led Gnedin et al (2014) to the same conclusion; they argue, moreover, that the contrast between the NSC and the background galaxy would be much lower in a massive galaxy like M87, making them harder to detect in such systems.…”

Section: Nuclear Star Clusterssupporting

confidence: 64%

Galactic Bulges

2016

Astrophysics and Space Science Library

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978-3-319-19377-9 ISBN 978-3-319-19378-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-19378-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015949217 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.Cover Illustration: In the cover the 3.6 images of one nearby galaxy, NGC 4565, is shown. The images are from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (PI Kartik Sheth).Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) PrefaceThe main motivation for this book was our impression that when observers talk about bulges in galaxies, they do not necessarily mean the same thing as people making theoretical models. Even among the observers, it is not always clear what they mean by classical and pseudobulges. According to most researchers, classical bulges are highly relaxed systems typically formed in galaxy mergers or by coalescence of massive gas clumps at high redshifts, whereas pseudobulges have more disc-like properties. Some people divide pseudobulges further into discy pseudobulges, defined as small central discs in the plane of the galactic disc, and boxy/peanut bulges which are actually dynamically heated, vertically thick inner parts of bars. Galaxies can also have central star clusters, usually called nuclear clusters, which structures are not called bulges in this book (see the review by Cole and Debattista). In recent years significant progress has been made both on the theoretical and observational sides, including galactic and extragalactic research. In this book we try to bring all these communities closer to each other.Most probably many of us share the Copernican approach trying to understand the universe with some simple beautiful theory. Such an attempt is the current paradigm of structure formation, i.e., the hierarchical growth of dark matter halos ( CDM), and the subsequent formatio...

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Section: Nuclear Star Clusterssupporting

confidence: 64%

Galactic Bulges

2016

Astrophysics and Space Science Library

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“…The first simulations were done by (Capuzzo-Dolcetta & Miocchi 2008b) and (Capuzzo-Dolcetta & Miocchi 2008a) in galaxy models without massive black holes and stellar discs; (Bekki 2010) studied the role of stellar discs and the role of a central galactic MBH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The globular cluster migratory origin of nuclear star clusters

Sedda

Capuzzo–Dolcetta

2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Nuclear Star Clusters (NSCs) are often present in spiral galaxies as well as resolved Stellar Nuclei (SNi) in elliptical galaxies centres. Ever growing observational data indicate the existence of correlations between the properties of these very dense central star aggregates and those of host galaxies, which constitute a significant constraint for the validity of theoretical models of their origin and formation. In the framework of the well known 'migratory and merger' model for NSC and SN formation, in this paper we obtain, first, by a simple argument the expected scaling of the NSC/SN mass with both time and parent galaxy velocity dispersion in the case of dynamical friction as dominant effect on the globular cluster system evolution. This generalizes previous results by Tremaine et al. (1975) and is in good agreement with available observational data showing a shallow correlation between NSC/SN mass and galactic bulge velocity dispersion. Moreover, we give statistical relevance to predictions of this formation model, obtaining a set of parameters to correlate with the galactic host parameters. We find that the correlations between the masses of NSCs in the migratory model and the global properties of the hosts reproduce quite well the observed correlations, supporting the validity of the migratory-merger model. In particular, one important result is the flattening or even decrease of the value of the NSC/SN mass obtained by the merger model as function of the galaxy mass for high values of the galactic mass, i.e. 3 × 10 11 M ⊙ , in agreement with some growing observational evidence.

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“…Two main scenarios have been suggested for the formation of NSCs: i) infall of star clusters that formed elsewhere in the host galaxy (Tremaine et al 1975;Capuzzo-Dolcetta & Miocchi 2008); ii) in situ formation and build-up through star formation following the accretion of gas in the centre of the galaxies. Bekki (2007) performed chemodynamical simulations of the inner regions of dwarf galaxies, where dissipative merging of stellar and gaseous clumps formed in the spiral arms can lead to the formation of NSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the nuclear star cluster of galaxies with extremely large telescopes

Gullieuszik

Greggio

Falomo

et al. 2014

A&A

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The unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution of next-generation, ground-based, extremely large telescopes (ELTs) will open a completely new window on the study of resolved stellar populations. In this paper we study the feasibility of the analysis of nuclear star cluster (NSC) stellar populations with ELTs. To date, NSC stellar population studies are based on the properties of their integrated light. NSCs are in fact observed as unresolved sources even with the HST. We explore the possibility of obtaining direct estimates of the age of NSC stellar populations from the photometry of main-sequence turn-off stars. We simulated ELT observations of NSCs at different distances and with different stellar populations. Photometric measurements on each simulated image were analysed in detail and results about photometric accuracy and completeness are reported here. We found that the main-sequence turn-off is detectableand therefore the age of stellar populations can be directly estimated -up to 2 Mpc for old, up to 3 Mpc for intermediate-age and up to 4−5 Mpc for young stellar populations. We found that for this particular science case, the performances of TMT and E-ELT are of comparable quality.

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Merging of Globular Clusters in Inner Galactic Regions. II. Nuclear Star Cluster Formation

Cited by 79 publications

References 48 publications

Galactic Bulges

Galactic Bulges

The globular cluster migratory origin of nuclear star clusters

Probing the nuclear star cluster of galaxies with extremely large telescopes

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