Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Multiple Bowen's Disease: Incidental Association or Possible Relationship to Inorganic Arsenic Exposure?

Ohnishi, Yuko; Murakami, Shinji; Ohtsuka, Hisashi; Miyauchi, Shunji; Shinmori, Hideyo; Hashimoto, Koji

doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.1997.tb02796.x

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The most commonly reported signs of chronic arsenic exposure in human populations include hyperpigmentation, keratosis, and skin cancer (Jaafar et al,1993; Ohnishi et al,1997). It has been proposed that hyperpigmentation and keratosis may act as an early warning signal of development of cancer in internal organs (Tello,1988; Khan et al,2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological, immunological and biochemical markers of subchronic arsenic toxicity in rats

Nain

Smits

2010

Environmental Toxicology

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Subchronic exposure to arsenic in rats was investigated to identify sensitive indicators of subclinical toxicity in rats. Immunological, pathological, and biochemical bioindicators were examined in rats exposed to arsenic in their drinking water. Juvenile male Wistar rats were allocated to four treatment groups receiving 0, 0.4, 4, and 40 ppm of arsenite in drinking water for 18 wks. Besides daily monitoring for clinical signs of adverse health effects, clinical biochemistry, B-cell-mediated and innate immune responses, plus gross, and histopathology were examined. In vitro tests of oxidative damage to basic cellular constituents, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, were measured using thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) assays, protein carbonyl formation, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), respectively. Clinical changes in the rats were limited to decreased feed and water intake in the high- (40 ppm) dose group (P < 0.05), however, growth rate was not affected. Serum biochemical changes occurred in blood urea nitrogen, K(+) , Cl(-) , and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from arsenic exposure. Immunotoxicity was evident through a dose-dependent suppression of the secondary antibody-mediated response to a T-cell-dependent antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Histopathology of the liver revealed marked fatty infiltration and vacuolization particularly evident in periacinar hepatocytes. This pattern of toxicopathology in the high-exposure group may be related to the significantly higher (P < 0.05) oxidative stress, demonstrated through lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay) in the rats exposed to 40 ppm arsenite. The present study revealed that young, growing rats exposed to arsenic for 18 wks tolerated exposures up to 4 ppm. At higher doses, there was evidence of hepatotoxicity, humoral immunity was compromised, and an adverse effect on hepatic organelle and cell membranes was evident through a dose dependent increased in oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological, immunological and biochemical markers of subchronic arsenic toxicity in rats

Nain

Smits

2010

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Additional risk factors for MCC include an age of greater than 60 years, and most MCCs occur in sun-exposed areas of the skin 110 . In addition, it has been reported that pharmacological use of statins and environmental exposure to arsenic increase the risk of developing MCC, although the mechanisms involved are unclear 111,112 .…”

Section: Merkel Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

A cornucopia of human polyomaviruses

2013

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During the past 6 years, focused virus hunting has led to the discovery of nine new human polyomaviruses, including Merkel cell polyomavirus, which has been linked to Merkel cell carcinoma, a lethal skin cell cancer. The discovery of so many new and highly divergent human polyomaviruses raises key questions regarding their evolution, tropism, latency, reactivation, immune evasion and contribution to disease. This Review describes the similarities and differences among the new human polyomaviruses and discusses how these viruses might interact with their human host.

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“…It is also reported that Merkel cell carcinoma 43 sometimes co-exist with Bowen's disease 44,45 in patients with arsenicosis. There is also a study which has demonstrated an increased risk of melanoma in persons with elevated toenail arsenic concentrations 46 , raising the issue relating to the role of arsenic in the development of melanoma.…”

Section: Keratosismentioning

confidence: 97%