Meromixis in hypersaline Mono Lake, California. 2. Nitrogen fluxes

Jellison, Robert; Miller, Laurence G.; Mélack, John M.; Dana, Gayle L.

doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.5.1020

Cited by 71 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An increase in concentrations of prokaryotes and viruses in November coincided with the onset of holomixis in Mono Lake. The growth of prokaryotes may have been stimulated by organic matter produced in the autumn bloom that was apparent in the previous month, along with high concentrations of ammonia in the monimolimnion mixed throughout the water column (Jellison et al 1993). Increased concentrations of prokaryotes and viruses in November were not sustained through December, which may have been a result of decreased substrate availability, lower temperatures, or a combination of both (Pomeroy & Deibel 1986, Wiebe et al 1993, Kirchman & Rich 1997.…”

Section: Temporal Dynamics Of Prokaryotes and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Spatial and temporal variability of prokaryotes, viruses, and viral infections of prokaryotes in an alkaline, hypersaline lake

Brum

Steward²,

Jiang³

et al. 2005

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mono Lake is a large, alkaline, moderately hypersaline lake containing planktonic prokaryotes and viruses at concentrations that are among the highest reported for natural aquatic environments. We hypothesized that pronounced seasonality in physical and biological forcing and strong vertical gradients of chemical, physical, and biological parameters in this meromictic lake would result in dramatic temporal and spatial variability in concentrations of viruses and viral infections of prokaryotes. To test this, we investigated the temporal, vertical, and horizontal variability in hydrography, microbial concentrations, and viral infections of prokaryotes at 4 stations over a 10 mo period in Mono Lake. The infection parameters quantified included the frequency of visibly infected cells (FVIC), burst size, intracellular virus diameter, and volume of infected cells. Concentrations of chlorophyll a (chl a), prokaryotes, and viruses in individual samples ranged from 3.3 to 150 µg l , and 0.14 to 1.9 × 10 12 l -1, respectively, with the highest concentrations of each occurring in the spring. For all data combined, concentrations of viruses were significantly correlated with concentrations of prokaryotes (r = 0.68, p < 0.001, n = 68), but not with chl a. FVIC ranged from < 0.1 to 3.5% for the community, but reached as high as 13% for coccoid cells in 1 sample. Averaged over the water column, the estimated fraction of prokaryote mortality due to viral lysis ranged from a low of 3.7% in September, to a high of 16% in July. Burst size, intracellular virus diameters, and volumes of infected cells were temporally variable with a trend of decreasing burst size through the spring and summer as a result of larger viruses infecting smaller cells. In contrast, these parameters did not differ systematically among stations or between the anoxic and oxic layers of the lake. The data suggested that seasonal forcing is the primary source of variability in viral infections in the lake. Overall, viral lysis appeared to make a modest contribution to the mortality of prokaryotes, but high virus-host contact rates suggested that viruses are likely to influence the clonal diversity of picoplankton in the lake. KEY WORDS: Prokaryotes · Viruses · Hypersaline lake · Variability Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 41: [247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259][260] 2005 it has been hypothesized that the exceptionally high concentrations of viruses and prokaryotes in Mono Lake would be accompanied by a high incidence of infection (Jiang et al. 2004). If true, then viruses could have a substantial effect on the flow of carbon in the lake.Estimates of viral infection rates have been made for a variety of aquatic environments including freshwater, seawater, and hypersaline ponds; however, mechanisms controlling the frequency of viral infection are not always clear. While general associations have been observed between infection rates and indicators of troph...

show abstract

Section: Temporal Dynamics Of Prokaryotes and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Spatial and temporal variability of prokaryotes, viruses, and viral infections of prokaryotes in an alkaline, hypersaline lake

Brum

Steward²,

Jiang³

et al. 2005

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The seasonal density stratification leads to stratification in oxygen and other parameters, such as nitrogenous nutrients (16), and this stratification is expected to be reflected in the depth distribution of microbial activities. Both ammonium and methane accumulate in the deep layer (25); the major biological sinks for these compounds are thought to be oxidation by obligately aerobic chemolithotrophic bacteria in the surface layer and, for methane, anaerobic oxidation in the deep layer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria from Hypersaline Mono Lake, California, on the Basis of 16S rRNA Sequences

Ward

Martino

Díaz

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were detected by PCR amplification of DNA extracted from filtered water samples throughout the water column of Mono Lake, California. Ammonia-oxidizing members of the ␤ subdivision of the division Proteobacteria (␤-subdivision Proteobacteria) were detected using previously characterized PCR primers; target sequences were detected by direct amplification in both surface water and below the chemocline. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis indicated the presence of at least four different ␤-subdivision ammonia oxidizers in some samples. Subsequent sequencing of amplified 16S rDNA fragments verified the presence of sequences very similar to those of cultured Nitrosomonas strains. Two separate analyses, carried out under different conditions (different reagents, locations, PCR machines, sequencers, etc.), 2 years apart, detected similar ranges of sequence diversity in these samples. It seems likely that the physiological diversity of nitrifiers exceeds the diversity of their ribosomal sequences and that these sequences represent members of the Nitrosomonas europaea group that are acclimated to alkaline, high-salinity environments. Primers specific for Nitrosococcus oceanus, a marine ammonia-oxidizing bacterium in the ␥ subdivision of the Proteobacteria, did not amplify target from any samples.Mono Lake is an alkaline, hypersaline, closed-basin lake in central California just east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (38°N, 119°W). Exceptionally heavy rainfall in 1982 and 1983 caused a freshening of the surface layer; the resulting largedensity difference between surface and deep waters caused the lake to become ectogenically meromictic (15, 18). The lake became stratified with a chemocline in the vicinity of 15 m (total depth, approximately 30 m) and did not turn over or mix thoroughly until 1988. In the interval, the difference in salinity between the deep water and surface layer gradually decreased (15), due to evaporation and removal of surface water to supply drinking water to southern California. After 1988, the lake resumed its normal pattern of annual winter holomixis (15).The seasonal density stratification leads to stratification in oxygen and other parameters, such as nitrogenous nutrients (16), and this stratification is expected to be reflected in the depth distribution of microbial activities. Both ammonium and methane accumulate in the deep layer (25); the major biological sinks for these compounds are thought to be oxidation by obligately aerobic chemolithotrophic bacteria in the surface layer and, for methane, anaerobic oxidation in the deep layer. The depth distributions of methane and ammonia oxidation, measured by radiotracer experiments, were previously reported (19).Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are responsible for the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, the first step in nitrification, in terrestrial and aquatic habitats of all kinds and are found in the ␤ and ␥ subdivisions of the division Proteobacteria. The number of species of ammonia oxidizers that have been descr...

show abstract

“…Ammonification is the decomposition of organic nitrogen back to NH þ1 4 by heterotrophic microbes (Schlesinger, 1991). Volatilization is considered only for the surface layer and can occur only in the form of ammonia (Jellison et al, 1993).…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed and applied to the Salton Sea. The hydrodynamic component is based on the onedimensional numerical model, DLM. The water quality model is based on a new conceptual model for nutrient cycling in the Sea, and simulates temperature, total suspended sediment concentration, nutrient concentrations, including PO À3 4 ; NO À1 3 and NH þ1 4 ; DO concentration and chlorophyll a concentration as functions of depth and time. Existing water temperature data from 1997 were used to verify that the model could accurately represent the onset and breakup of thermal stratification. 1999 is the only year with a near-complete dataset for water quality variables for the Salton Sea. The linked hydrodynamic and water quality model was run for 1999, and by adjustment of rate coefficients and other water quality parameters, a good match with the data was obtained. In this article, the model is fully described and the model results for reductions in external phosphorus load on chlorophyll a distribution are presented.

show abstract

Meromixis in hypersaline Mono Lake, California. 2. Nitrogen fluxes

Cited by 71 publications

References 35 publications

Spatial and temporal variability of prokaryotes, viruses, and viral infections of prokaryotes in an alkaline, hypersaline lake

Spatial and temporal variability of prokaryotes, viruses, and viral infections of prokaryotes in an alkaline, hypersaline lake

Analysis of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria from Hypersaline Mono Lake, California, on the Basis of 16S rRNA Sequences

A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About