Mesanophrys chesapeakensis n. sp., a Histophagous Ciliate in the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, and Associated Histopathology

Messick, Gretchen A.; Small, Eugene B.

doi:10.2307/3226937

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In marine fish this has been shown to apply to Ichthyobodo necator (Urawa et al 1998), trichodinid ciliates (Moksness et al 1989, Moksness 1990, Lom 1995, Nilsen 1995 and scuticociliates (Cheung et al 1980, Dragesco et al 1995, Cawthorn et al 1996, Messick & Small 1996, Munday et al 1997, Sterud et al 2000. Although protozoans were found at very low intensities in the present study, their potential as serious skin and gill parasites in farmed sea bass should thus not be underestimated.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Parasites of wild sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax from Norway

Sterud¹

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Thirteen wild sea bass from the Oslo fjord in south-eastern Norway were examined for parasites. Nineteen species were found, comprising 5 protozoans, 1 monogenean, 8 digeneans, 1 cestode, 2 nematodes and 2 crustaceans. Based on the similarity to the parasitic fauna of Mediterranean sea bass, it is predicted that sea bass farmers in Northern Europe will experience the same parasite problems as sea bass farmers in warmer regions. KEY WORDS: Aquaculture · Fish farming · Parasitic diseases Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 48: [209][210][211][212] 2002 RESULTSA total of 19 parasite species were found in the 13 examined sea bass (Table 1). The 5 protozoans found in fresh mucosal smears from the skin and gills of the fish were not identified to species level. Preservation was considered impractical, due to the low numbers of each organism (exemplified by the finding of a single trichodinid ciliate).The most common parasites were diplectanid monogeneans, occurring at 100% prevalence. On the basis of morphological characters of the squamodisc and the penis, all were designated Diplectanum aequans. They were commonly aggregated in small clusters of 2 to 4 individuals on the gill filaments. The attachment sites were commonly whitish, thickened and apparently necrotic when observed by light microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy showed loss of lamellae in such filaments (Figs. 1 to 3).The trematodes were the dominating parasite group with 8 (possibly 9) species present. One unidentified species was present as metacercariae in the skin and fins, and the rest were present as adults in the gastrointestinal tract. With few exceptions, all species were present in low numbers and no signs of a pathological effect of the infections were seen.The 2 nematode species and the cestode were all found as larval or immature stages. The 2 crustaceans were found on fish caught in June. DISCUSSIONAquaculture conditions, concentrating many hosts within a limited space, favour parasites with direct life cycles. In marine fish this has been shown to apply to Ichthyobodo necator (Urawa et al. 1998), trichodinid ciliates (Moksness et al. 1989, Moksness 1990, Lom 1995, Nilsen 1995 and scuticociliates (Cheung et al. 1980, Dragesco et al. 1995, Cawthorn et al. 1996, Messick & Small 1996, Munday et al. 1997, Sterud et al. 2000. Although protozoans were found at very low intensities in the present study, their potential as serious skin and gill parasites in farmed sea bass should thus not be underestimated.Two diplectanid monogeneans are commonly found on sea bass in the Mediterranean: Diplectanum aequans and D. laubieri (González-Lanza et al. 1991 Table 1 comprised 2 morphs based on differences in size and number of eggs in the uterus. B. baeri and B. labracis, which are both parasites of sea bass, are not distinguished by these features but primarily by their site specificity (Maillard 1976). Unfortunately the digeneans were sampled without paying sufficient attention to thei...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Parasites of wild sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax from Norway

Sterud¹

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Hemocytes with cytoplasmic inclusions similar to those described as virus infections (Johnson 1985) were found in 19 crabs; a histophagous ciliate, Mesanophrys chesapeakensis (Messick & Small 1996), was found in 4; unidentified microsporidians (Sprague 1977) were found in 28; Paramoeba perniciosa (Sprague & Beckett 1966, Johnson 1977) was found in 35; and a haplosporidian-like organism (Newman et al 1976) was found in 2 sampled crabs. Some crabs which had Hematodinium sp.…”

Section: Additional Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epizootiology of the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp. in the American blue crab Callinectes sapidus

Messick¹,

Shields²

2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

115

186

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“…Anophryoides haemophila were also maintained in continuous culture in a cell-free, defined medium at 4°C (Lee & Soldo 1992, Messick & Small 1996. This artificial seawater-based medium was supplemented with vitamins (RPM1 1640 vitamins solution, Sigma, Oakville, Ontario), 10% fetal bovine serum, and penicillin/streptomycin (100 U ml-l; 100 pg ml-l).…”

Section: Source Of Protozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrazolium-based cytotoxicity assay to determine anti-protozoal activity against the scuticociliate Anophryoides haemophila

Cribb¹,

Despres²,

Cawthorn³

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Anophryoides haemophila is a ciliated protozoan that causes 'bumper car' disease in American lobster Homarus americanus. Currently, there are no effective pharmaceuticals approved for use to treat the disease, which can be a significant source of mortality in lobster holding facilities. We have modified a tetrazoliurn-based cytotoxicity assay to determine the anti-protozoa1 activity of compounds towards A , haemophila. To obtain reproducible results, A. haemophila maintained in continuous culture were preferable to freshly isolated A. haemophila. It was also found that the ciliates must be replicating to produce reproducible results. Maximal anti-protozoa1 activity was evident after a 24 h Incubation period. Oxytetracycline was found to be relat~vely Inactive, while high concentrations (1 mM) of formaldehyde and sulphaquinoxaline were required to produce 50% cytotoxiciry. In contrast, 100 pM lasalocid produced 92 i 4 % and 100 p M pyrimethamine produced 84 k 6.5 % cytotoxiclty after 24 h. This objective assay provides a rapid means of screening conlpounds to identify those with potential In vjvo activity against Anophryoides haemophila.

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Mesanophrys chesapeakensis n. sp., a Histophagous Ciliate in the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, and Associated Histopathology

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Parasites of wild sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax from Norway

Parasites of wild sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax from Norway

Epizootiology of the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp. in the American blue crab Callinectes sapidus

Tetrazolium-based cytotoxicity assay to determine anti-protozoal activity against the scuticociliate Anophryoides haemophila

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