Mesencephalic control of lateral geniculate nucleus in primates. III. Modifications with state of alertness

Bartlett, John R.; Doty, Robert W.; Pecci-Saavedra, J; Wilson, Paul D.

doi:10.1007/bf00234725

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…With such pronounced depression of activity, secondary burst-pause sequences followed that were closely correlated with cortical afterdischarge responses in the VER; the late negative wave and afterdischarges appear in this context to have similar origins. Thus, in line with multiunit data in cats (Gijsbers & Melzack, 1972) and with other observations on shifts in LG excitability with changes in alertness (Bartlett, Doty, Saavedra, & Wilson, 1973;Malcolm, Bruce, & Burke, 1970), LG multiunit patterns of response to flashes in rats showed phasic movement-related fluctuations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Interrelationship among multiunit activity of the midbrain reticular formation and lateral geniculate nucleus, thalamocortical arousal, and behavior in rats.

Js¹

1975

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Analyses of multiunit activity of midbrain reticular formation (RF) and lateral geniculate nucleus (LG) revealed marked phasic covariation that conformed to characteristics of behavior. Movement patterns appeared to set the range within which RF activity and thalamocortical arousal (as reflected in LG activity) varied. In tests of spontaneous behavior, sensory stimulation, bar pressing for food, and conditioned emotional response, RF activity and thalamocortical arousal conformed to immediate properties of behavior apart from conditions giving rise to the behavior. Other analyses revealed close relationships between RF activity and visual evoked response, but only a general relationship to hippocampal slow-wave rhythms. Our findings emphasize the necessity for refining psychological conceptualizations of arousal processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Interrelationship among multiunit activity of the midbrain reticular formation and lateral geniculate nucleus, thalamocortical arousal, and behavior in rats.

Js¹

1975

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…Photic responses of maximal amplitude were obtained with the OX electrode in Horsely-Clark's coordinates at AP 20, LM 2, and 32 mm below the cortical surface. Adequate placement of the LGN electrodes was verified by monitoring typical postsynaptic waves induced by single OX shocks: When the electrode tip reached the surface of the LGN, a lame negative wave (Bartlett et al, 1973) appeared, further deep into the magnoc&ular laminas, another negative wave of short latency appeared. In each monkey, the tip of the LGN electrode was carefully adiusted in between the pa-rvo-and magnocellular laminas by recording both fast and slow potentials from the OX electrode (Schiller and Malneli.…”

Section: Group III Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasotemporal overlap of crossed and uncrossed retinal ganglion cell projections in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata)

et al. 1989

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The nasotemporal overlap of crossed and uncrossed retinal ganglion cell projections were studied in 11 Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) using HRP and fluorescent dyes (DAPI and RITC) as retrograde tracers and by physiological recordings of antidromic field potentials. A strip of nasotemporal overlap ran orthogonal to the horizontal meridian in all the whole-mount retinas studied. In HRP-labeled retinas of 6 monkeys, the width of the overlap gradually increased from 0.6 degrees in the central retina up to 5 degrees at eccentricity of 5 mm, and to 15 degrees at the extreme periphery. We also noted a clear asymmetric distribution of crossed and uncrossed retinal ganglion cell projections particularly in the perifoveal region; ipsilaterally projecting cells encircled the nasal edge of the fovea, whereas few contralaterally projecting cells were observed in the temporal edge. Soma-size analysis revealed that crossed projections in the temporal portion of the overlap arose mainly from large and small cells (presumably P alpha and P gamma cells, respectively); uncrossed projections in its nasal portion arose from medium-sized cells (presumably P beta cell). Direct evidence of the overlap as well as of the asymmetry was obtained in subsequent fluorescent dye experiments in 3 monkeys. Physiological studies on 2 additional monkeys confirmed the widening of the nasotemporal overlap towards the upper and lower parts of the retina. Moreover, in the nasal portion of the overlap, only slow potentials, which presumably reflect activities of P beta cells, were recorded after stimulation of the ipsilateral LGN as expected from the morphological study. The findings are discussed in relation to clinical observations of macular sparing and splitting, and with regard to the functional differences between P alpha and P beta cell systems on which binocular stereoscopic vision along the midsagittal plane may be based.

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“…Such modulation is seen in anesthetized subjects, where the EEG is activated by reticular stimulation (Castro-Alamancos and Oldford, 2002; Castro-Alamancos 2002), and in awake subjects that momentarily shift between alert and non-alert states (Swadlow and Weyand, 1987; Bezdudnaya et al, 2004; Cano et al, 2004). Some of the cortical changes are clearly due to changes occurring at the thalamus (Maffei et al, 1965; Coenen and Vendrik, 1972; Bartlett et al, 1973; Singer, 1977; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981), where EEG state-changes are associated with shifts between tonic and burst mode (Sherman and Guillery, 2002; Weyand et al, 2001). These shifts in thalamic mode occur even in awake subjects that shift their level of arousal (Bezdudnaya et al, 2006; Cano et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Thalamocortical Synaptic Transmission across Awake Brain States

Stoelzel¹,

Bereshpolova²,

Swadlow³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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Sensory cortical neurons are highly sensitive to brain state, with many neurons showing changes in spatial and/or temporal response properties and some neurons becoming virtually unresponsive when subjects are not alert. Although some of these changes are undoubtedly attributable to state-related filtering at the thalamic level, another likely source of such effects is the thalamocortical (TC) synapse, where activation of nicotinic receptors on TC terminals have been shown to enhance synaptic transmission in vitro. However, monosynaptic TC synaptic transmission has not been directly examined during different states of alertness. Here, in awake rabbits that shifted between alert and non-alert EEG states, we examined the monosynaptic TC responses and short-term synaptic dynamics generated by spontaneous impulses of single visual and somatosensory TC neurons. We did this using spike-triggered current source-density analysis, an approach that enables assessment of monosynaptic extracellular currents generated in different cortical layers by impulses of single TC afferents. Spontaneous firing rates of TC neurons were higher, and burst rates were much lower in the alert state. However, we found no state-related changes in the amplitude of monosynaptic TC responses when TC spikes with similar preceding interspike interval were compared. Moreover, the relationship between the preceding interspike interval of the TC spike and postsynaptic response amplitude was not influenced by state. These data indicate that TC synaptic transmission and dynamics are highly conserved across different states of alertness and that observed state-related changes in receptive field properties that occur at the cortical level result from other mechanisms.

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Mesencephalic control of lateral geniculate nucleus in primates. III. Modifications with state of alertness

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Interrelationship among multiunit activity of the midbrain reticular formation and lateral geniculate nucleus, thalamocortical arousal, and behavior in rats.

Interrelationship among multiunit activity of the midbrain reticular formation and lateral geniculate nucleus, thalamocortical arousal, and behavior in rats.

Nasotemporal overlap of crossed and uncrossed retinal ganglion cell projections in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata)

Stability of Thalamocortical Synaptic Transmission across Awake Brain States

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