Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles/exosome: A promising therapeutic strategy for intracerebral hemorrhage

Spatiotemporal transcriptome analysis reveals that conversion of IKFZ1-mediated microglia underlies a therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage

“…Therefore, regulating the transformation of microglia from a pro-inflammatory condition to a state promoting-neuronal repair is a potential treatment option to mitigate secondary brain injury after ICH. With the development of regenerative medicine, exosome (Exo) therapy has acquired great potential as a neuroprotective treatment for ICH 12 , as it can significantly improve the effects on learning and memory in ICH rats by regulation of pyroptosis and apoptosis 13 . However, the cell-based dynamic changes after human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-derived Exo treatment in the post-ICH injury microenvironment have not been fully appreciated.…”

Multifunctional Nanoparticles and Nanoclusters as a Theranostics and Symptoms Disappearing Agent for Traumatic Brain Injury

“…[174] Many studies in the TBI animal model have reported that intravascular injection of stem cell-derived exosomes has been able to successfully suppress proinflammatory signaling, suppress expression of inflammatory cytokines, promote anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype, attenuate apoptosis, facilitate autophagy, attenuate brain swelling, increase vascular density, promote neurogenesis, and reduce reactive gliosis at the site of injury, which reduces lesion size and improve long-term functional recovery after injury. [175][176][177][178] Since stem cell-derived exosomes are also naturally permeable to BBB, biodegradable, and able to home to the inflamed brain region, [179] and can be engineered to carry molecules of interest, they are also an ideal platform for the development of nanotherapeutic for TBI. [174] The most common way to engineer an exosome is to manipulate its microRNA (miR) content.…”

Exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells in combination with hyperbaric oxygen synergically alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury

“…Recently, several studies have pointed to the great potential of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hpMSCs) in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) [ [6] , [7] , [8] ]. However, in these studies, the ability of hpMSCs to repair SCI is believed to be primarily due to the secretion of paracrine exosomes from these cells, not to their multi-potential differentiation [ 9 , 10 ]. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that are secreted by cells and contain compounds such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid.…”