Mesenchymal Stem Cells‐Based Targeting Delivery System: Therapeutic Promises and Immunomodulation against Tumor

Abstract

The inherent homing ability toward tumor sites of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after systemic delivery has, during the past decade, created an impetus to develop these stem cells as living carriers for successful tumor-targeted therapy. Nevertheless, the controversies about the role of MSCs in promoting or inhibiting tumor progress are impeding the potential clinical application of this system, which is partly due to the contradictory immunomodulation capability. Therefore, in this review, updated progress in the applications of MSCs as the cellular carrier for tumor-targeting therapy, are summarized. In addition, the immunomodulating capability of MSCs and its influences on tumor progress and metastasis are highlighted. Finally, the advantages and potential risks of MSCs concerning their modulation of immune responses and the factors determining their immune properties are emphasized. It is hoped that the challenges surrounding the impacts on immune response induced by the administration of MSCs summarized in this review will provide a critical guidance for the rational design and proper application of MSCs-based targeting delivery system for tumor therapy.

Biogenic materials for CRISPR delivery and therapeutics

“…Many studies have used cells as vectors, such as erythrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages. [72][73][74] However, viable cells have serious shortcomings as drug delivery carriers. For example, erythrocytes are highly variable and it is difficult to standardize the preparation, storage, and transport of the drug, and the drug being encapsulated can leak out; MSCs are prone to cause pulmonary embolism, etc.…”

Cell‐Based Bio‐Hybrid Delivery System for Disease Treatments

“…In summary, stem‐cell‐based carrier possesses active migration capacity via sensing the gradients of chemokine and cytokines, thus can be taken as vehicle for delivering drugs and bioactive therapeutics and targeting toward injured tissues and tumors. [ 81–83 ] Stem cell‐based carrier display several preferable characters, including therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine, programmable targeting pattern, low immunogenicity, and benign biocompatibility. Recent studies also excavated the potential of PDT‐induced cell death of stem cell carrier to strengthen antitumor immune responses.…”

A large‐scale production of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes for an efficient treatment against lung inflammation

“…[ 4 ] In addition, the migrated MSCs in inflammatory environment were observed to have the ability to impact the inflammatory response through the expression of diverse factors. [ 5 ] For example, MSCs can suppress the inflammatory response by the secretion of IL‐10. Moreover, MSCs had the capacity of inducing inflammation‐related macrophages to polarize into anti‐inflammatory phenotype.…”