Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Epidermis and Dermis of Psoriasis Patients: Morphology, Immunophenotype, Differentiation Patterns, and Regulation of T Cell Proliferation

Abstract

Psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and chronic inflammation. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit an immunoregulatory function that can be altered in the skin of these patients. However, to date, the presence and functional capacity of MSCs in the dermis and epidermis of patients with psoriasis have not been fully established. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of MSCs in the skin of patients by obtaining adherent cells from the dermis and epidermis of lesional and nonlesional areas and characterizing them in a comparative manner with corresponding cells obtained from the dermis (HD-MSCs) and epidermis (HE-MSCs) of healthy donors. We determined whether the adherent cells had immunophenotypic profiles and differentiation potentials that were characteristic of MSCs. In addition, we analyzed their immunosuppression function by evaluating their capacity to decrease T cell proliferation. Our results indicate the presence of MSCs in the dermis and epidermis of healthy donors and patients with psoriasis; adherent cells from all skin sources exhibited MSC characteristics, such as expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105 markers and a lack of hematopoietic and endothelial marker expression. However, the cell populations obtained showed differences in differentiation potential toward adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. In addition, we observed a low MSC obtention frequency in nonlesional epidermal samples (NLE-MSCs), which also showed alterations in morphology and proliferation rate. Interestingly, MSCs from both the nonlesional dermis (NLD-MSCs) and lesional dermis (LD-MSCs) showed higher HLA class I antigen (HLA-I) expression than HD-MSCs. Moreover, NLD-MSCs showed a low T cell proliferation suppression capacity. In summary, this study demonstrates the presence of MSCs in the epidermis and dermis of patients with psoriasis and suggests that such cells may favor the inflammatory process and thus psoriatic lesion development through high HLA-I expression and low immunosuppression capacity.

Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of psoriasis: a comprehensive review

“…7 A recent work demonstrated that skin MSCs from patients with psoriasis have low differentiation capacity, high human leucocyte antigen-I expression levels and low immunoregulatory capability. 8 Lymphocyte inhibition seems to be compromised in psoriatic skin, mainly because of dermal MSCs, leading to abnormalities in cytokine secretion through circular RNA. 9,10 Moreover, MSCs from psoriatic plaques have been shown to promote keratinocyte proliferation, with subsequent abnormal thickening of the epidermis.…”

Comparative Study of Biological Characteristics, and Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Established from Camelus dromedarius Skeletal Muscle, Dermal Skin, and Adipose Tissues

“…Therefore, there is increasing interest in improving the efficiency of differentiation into osteoblasts for bone regeneration. Several studies were reported on the isolation and culture of MSCs using various tissues including bone barrow [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. However, BM-MSCs have lower proliferation and differentiation capacity than other sources of stem cells and show a small number of cells and donor-age-dependent characteristics [ 20 ].…”

“…However, BM-MSCs have lower proliferation and differentiation capacity than other sources of stem cells and show a small number of cells and donor-age-dependent characteristics [ 20 ]. Recently, many studies have been conducted on the source of MSCs that can replace bone marrow, and it has been reported that mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from many tissues, including skeletal muscle, dermal skin, and adipose tissue [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Additionally, MSCs from skeletal muscle, dermal skin, and adipose tissue were reported for the presence of osteoblast differentiation capacity [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Comparative Study of Biological Characteristics, and Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Established From Camelus Dromedaries Skeletal Muscle, Dermal Skin, and Adipose Tissues

“…Therefore, there is an increasing interest in improving the efficiency of differentiation into osteoblasts for bone regeneration. Several studies were reported on the isolation, and culture of MSCs using various tissues including bone barrow [12][13][14][15]. However, BM-MSCs have lower proliferation and differentiation capacity than other sources of stem cells and show a small number of cells and donor-age-dependent characteristics [16].…”

“…However, BM-MSCs have lower proliferation and differentiation capacity than other sources of stem cells and show a small number of cells and donor-age-dependent characteristics [16]. Recently, many studies have been conducted on the source of MSCs that can replace bone marrow, and it has been reported that mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from many tissues including skeletal muscle, dermal skin, and adipose tissue [13][14][15]. Additionally, MSCs from skeletal muscle, dermal skin, and adipose tissue were reported for the presence of osteoblast differentiation capacity [17][18][19].…”