Mesenteric Line or Pigmented Plaque: A Sign of Comparative Freedom from Caries

Shourie, K. L.

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1947.0387

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The significantly lower caries experience in primary teeth (dmft, dt) found in the children with BS compared to their counterparts with nondiscoloured plaque confirmed the data observed in a population of 3-to 10-year-old Westphalians [Bartsch and Heinrich-Weltzien, 2011]. Other studies agree with this finding, also demonstrating lower caries experience in children with BS [Shourie, 1947;Commerell, 1955;Koch et al, 2001;Gasparetto et al, 2003;Heinrich-Weltzien et al, 2009;Bhat, 2010;França-Pinto et al, 2012]. Furthermore, a tendency to a higher OR for caries experience was found in children with non-discoloured plaque.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Black stain (BS) may be clinically diagnosed as pigmented, dark lines parallel to the gingival margin [Pedersen, 1946;Shourie, 1947;Leimgruber, 1950; Commerell, 1955;Gülzow, 1963;Koch et al, 2001] or as incomplete coalescence of dark dots rarely extending beyond the cervical third of the crown. It belongs to the group of extrinsic tooth discolouration of non-metallic origin [Watts and Addy, 2001].…”

confidence: 99%

“…There is no consensus in the literature concerning the prevalence of BS in various age groups [Commerell, 1955;Gülzow, 1963;Surdacka, 1987;Koch et al, 2001;Gasparetto et al, 2003;Paredes Gallardo and Paredes Cencillo, 2005;Heinrich-Weltzien et al, 2009;Bhat, 2010;Bartsch and Heinrich-Weltzien, 2011;França-Pinto et al, 2012;Garcia Martin et al, 2013], but the presence of these stains has been commonly associated with a lower caries prevalence and/or experience [Shourie, 1947;Commerell, 1955;Koch et al, 2001;Gasparetto et al, 2003;HeinrichWeltzien et al, 2009;Bhat, 2010;Bartsch and HeinrichWeltzien, 2011]. The recent study of França-Pinto et al [2012] investigated the presence of BS and its potential caries-protective effect, taking into consideration an adjustment for demographic, social and behavioural factors that may influence both dental caries and BS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dental Caries and Microbiota in Children with Black Stain and Non-discoloured Dental Plaque

2013

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Aim: We aimed to assess caries experience and microbiota in systemically healthy children with black stain (BS) and non-discoloured plaque. Methods: Forty-six children with BS and 47 counterparts with non-discoloured plaque aged 7.9 ± 1.3 years were clinically examined. Dental caries was scored using WHO criteria. Samples of BS and non-discoloured dental plaque were collected from tooth surfaces. The DNA of the samples was extracted and real-time PCR was performed to determine the total number of bacteria and the species Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, Lactobacillus sp., Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Results: Children with BS had lower DMFT (p = 0.013), lower DT values (p = 0.005) and a tendency to lower caries prevalence (p = 0.061) than children with non-discoloured plaque. Plaque samples of the BS group contained higher numbers of A. naeslundii (p = 0.005) and lower numbers of F. nucleatum (p = 0.001) and Lactobacillus sp. (p = 0.001) compared to the non-discoloured plaque samples of the control group. Comparing the children with BS and non-discoloured plaque, higher counts for A. naeslundii (p = 0.013) were observed in caries-free children with BS while in caries-affected children with BS, lower counts of F. nucleatum (p = 0.007) were found. Counts of Lactobacillus sp. were higher in non-discoloured plaque samples than in BS of caries-free and caries-affected children. Conclusion: Results suggest that the different microbial composition of BS might be associated with the lower caries experience in affected subjects. The role of black-pigmented bacteria associated with periodontitis needs further studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

confidence: 99%

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Dental Caries and Microbiota in Children with Black Stain and Non-discoloured Dental Plaque

2013

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“…Shourie used the following criteria for classifying BS: (1) no line, (2) incomplete coalescence of pigmented spots, and (3) continuous line formed by pigmented spots [23]. Koch et al introduced new diagnostic criteria.…”

Section: Black Stain Prevalence and Caries Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Review of the Literature

Żyła

Kawala

Antoszewska-Smith

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Black stain is characterized as a dark line or an incomplete coalescence of dark dots localized on the cervical third of the tooth. Over the last century, the etiology of black stain has been the subject of much debate. Most of the studies concerning this issue were conducted in pediatric population. According to the reviewed articles published between 2001 and 2014, the prevalence of black stain varies from 2.4% to 18% with equal sex distribution. The majority of the authors confirm the correlation between the presence of black stain and lower caries experience. The microflora of this deposit is dominated by Actinomyces spp. and has lower cariogenic potential than nondiscolored dental plaque. Iron/copper and sulfur complexes are thought to be responsible for the dark color. In patients with black stain saliva has higher calcium concentrations and higher buffering capacity. Factors such as dietary habits, socioeconomic status, and iron supplementation may be contributing to the formation of black stain.

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“…The calcium and phosphate content of the debris from the black-staining group was significantly low er than that of samples of dental calculus. The increased calcium and phosphate content of the gingival debris from individuals with extrinsic black tooth stain is thought to largely account for the reduced incidence of caries.The relationship between dental disease and the presence of coloured extrinsic tooth stains has attracted attention over a prolonged period [Miller, 1894; Mellanby and Coumoulos, 1946;James, 1964], The majority of published results demonstrate that the presence of a dark ex trinsic tooth stain is associated with a lower caries experience when com pared to children whose dentitions have other coloured or no apparent coloured extrinsic tooth stains.This observation is true for both the deciduous [Pedersen, 1946;von Commerell, 1955;M ellanby et al, 1957] and the permanent dentitions [Pickerill, 1923;Shourie, 1947;James, 1964] although some results do not confirm that black extrinsic tooth stain is always associated with a low caries experience [Bunting, 1929;Leung, 1950]. However, little at tention has been given to the factors which might lead to the reduced in cidence of caries; biochemical studies on the gingival debris from such in dividuals seemed likely to elucidate the problem.…”

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confidence: 98%

Biochemical Studies on the Composition of Gingival Debris from Children with Black Extrinsic Tooth Stain

Reid

Beeley

1976

Caries Res

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Gingival debris were collected from two groups of children, one group having black extrinsic tooth stain, and the other being a control group with no apparent coloured staining of the teeth. The material from the former group had a significantly higher content of calcium and phosphate than the latter but no significant difference in either carbohydrate or protein could be shown. The calcium and phosphate content of the debris from the black-staining group was significantly lower than that of samples of dental calculus. The increased calcium and phosphate content of the gingival debris from individuals with extrinsic black tooth stain is thought to largely account for the reduced incidence of caries.

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Mesenteric Line or Pigmented Plaque: A Sign of Comparative Freedom from Caries

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Dental Caries and Microbiota in Children with Black Stain and Non-discoloured Dental Plaque

Dental Caries and Microbiota in Children with Black Stain and Non-discoloured Dental Plaque

Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Review of the Literature

Biochemical Studies on the Composition of Gingival Debris from Children with Black Extrinsic Tooth Stain

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