Mesenteric Vascular Thrombosis Associated with Disseminated Abdominal Visceral Hemangiosarcoma in a Cat

Currao, Rachael L.; Buote, Nicole J.; Flory, Andrea B.; Liu, Serena M.

doi:10.5326/jaaha-ms-5592

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Deterioration of mesenteric circulation can induce ischemia of the small intestine, and mesenteric volvulus, intussusception, mesenteric internal hernia of the small intestine, and abdominal trauma can result in complete or partial obstruction of the mesenteric vessels and eventual intestinal necrosis . Mesenteric vascular thrombosis can be associated with disseminated abdominal tumors such as hemangiosarcoma, or various underlying diseases including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hepatopathy, protein‐losing nephropathy, or corticosteroid imbalance in dogs and cats . Foreign bodies can induce intestinal obstruction, which interferes with blood supply, and intestinal resection and anastomosis should be considered for the intestinal loop with impairment of intramural circulation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple‐phased mesenteric CT angiography using a test bolus technique for evaluation of the mesenteric vasculature and small intestinal wall contrast enhancement in dogs

Lee

Yoon

Kim

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Computed tomography angiography is widely used for the assessment of various mesenteric vascular and bowel diseases in humans. However, there are only few studies that describe CT angiography application to mesenteric vessels in dogs. In this prospective, experimental, exploratory study, the mesenteric vasculature and enhancement pattern of the intestinal wall were evaluated on triple-phase CT angiography, and improvement of the visibility of vasculature was assessed on multiplanar reformation, maximum intensity projection, and volume rendering technique. After test bolus scanning at the level of the cranial mesenteric artery arising from the aorta, mesenteric CT angiography was performed in 10 healthy, male, Beagle dogs. Scan delay was set based on time-to-attenuation curves, drawn by placing the regions of interest over the aorta, intestinal wall, and cranial mesenteric vein. Visualization and enhancement of mesenteric arteries and veins were evaluated with multiplanar reformation, maximum intensity projection, and volume rendering techniques. The degree of intestinal wall enhancement was assessed on the transverse images in precontrast, arterial, intestinal, and venous phases. Pure arterial images were obtained in the arterial phase. Venous phase images allowed good portal vascular mapping. All CT angiography images were of high quality, allowing for excellent visualization of the anatomy of mesenteric vasculature including the small branches, particularly on maximum intensity projection and volume rendering technique. Distinct contrast enhancement of the intestinal wall was observed in both intestinal and venous phases. Findings indicated that this technique is feasible for the evaluation of mesenteric circulation in dogs. K E Y W O R D Sbowel wall, canine, dynamic CT study, mesenteric vessels, test bolus

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple‐phased mesenteric CT angiography using a test bolus technique for evaluation of the mesenteric vasculature and small intestinal wall contrast enhancement in dogs

Lee

Yoon

Kim

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Ao exame de IHQ houve marcação positiva para vimentina, fator de von Willebrand (Figura 3) e actina de músculo liso (Figura 4), e marcação negativa para pancitoqueratina. O diagnóstico definitivo foi de hemangiossarcoma de língua.DISCUSSÃOO hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia incomum em gatos, reportado em sítios cutâneos, subcutâneos e viscerais (torácico e abdominal)[6].…”

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Hemangiosarcoma in a Cat’s Tongue

Gnoatto

Lichmann

Grings

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a primary malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial cells, common in dogs and uncommon in cats. It is characterized by being aggressive and presenting high metastatic behavior. It corresponds to 0.5% to 2% of all feline neoplasms, with more reports in shorthaired cats aged between 8 and 12.2 years old, with no predisposition for sex or breed. Among the diagnostic methods, histopathological and immunohistochemical exams stand out because they are more accurate, since the result of fine-needle aspiration biopsy is usually hidden by blood contamination. This report aims to describe a case of a hemangiosarcoma in a cat's tongue.Case: A 9-year-old, female, shorthair cat with a history of weight loss, lethargy, chewing difficulty with the evolution of three months and two-day oral bleeding was attended. Physical examination revealed blood in the oral cavity, enlargement, and darkening of the tongue surface, normalized oral and ocular mucous membranes, estimated dehydration of 7%, a rectal temperature of 38,8°C, and pulmonary and cardiac auscultation without changes. The cat was hospitalized, and euthanasia was elected. Cytological and histopathological exams of the tongue were requested, which revealed a neoplastic proliferation of endothelial cells expanding and replacing the muscular layer of the tongue, forming primitive vascular structures filled with a large number of red blood cells and supported by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. There were moderate anisocytosis and anisocariosis and rare figures of mitosis. Immunohistochemical examination showed the expression of von Willebrand factor, smooth muscle vimentin, and actin in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells, and negative staining for pancitokeratin.Discussion: According to the results of cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, the cat was diagnosed with tongue hemangiosarcoma. The involvement of the tongue in cases of feline hemangiosarcoma is not commonly reported, as the oral cavity is an uncommon site of neoplasm in cats and hemangiossarcoma neoplasm is considered rare in this species. The cytological examination of the patient's tongue was useful to suggest the diagnosis of sarcoma due to a large number of neoplastic cells present in the sample, and later, because it is more specific, the histopathological examination was performed to find out the origin of the tissue. The definitive diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma could be confirmed by the alterations found in the histopathological and immunohistochemical exams. The appearance of erythrocytes within tumor vascular channels, the rapid mass development, moderate anisocytosis, anisocariosis, and irregularity of vascular channels, along with the expression of smooth muscle action, excluded the differential diagnosis of hemangioma and lymphangiosarcoma. Due to the ability of the hemangiosarcoma to be a primary or metastatic tumor and the performance of the necropsy examination was not authorized, we could not determinate the primary origin of the tumor. However, we suggest in the present study that the neoplasm is primary of the tongue because there are no skin lesions or alterations in other organs, besides the tongue is not a common site of metastasis. In conclusion, hemangiosarcoma should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of tongue neoplasia, although uncommon in felines, and that histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations are indispensable to define an accurate diagnosis.

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Hyperlactatemia

Rosenstein¹,

Hughes²

2023

Small Animal Critical Care Medicine

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Mesenteric Vascular Thrombosis Associated with Disseminated Abdominal Visceral Hemangiosarcoma in a Cat

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Triple‐phased mesenteric CT angiography using a test bolus technique for evaluation of the mesenteric vasculature and small intestinal wall contrast enhancement in dogs

Triple‐phased mesenteric CT angiography using a test bolus technique for evaluation of the mesenteric vasculature and small intestinal wall contrast enhancement in dogs

Hemangiosarcoma in a Cat’s Tongue

Hyperlactatemia

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