Mesh bags underestimated arbuscular mycorrhizal abundance but captured fertilization effects in a mesocosm experiment

Ven, Arne; Verbruggen, Erik; Verlinden, Melanie S.; Olsson, Pål Axel; Wallander, Håkan; Vicca, Sara

doi:10.1007/s11104-019-04368-4

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…PLFA C16:1ω5 was approx. 2.4‰ more 13 C-depleted than roots (Walder et al 2013 ; Ven et al 2020 ) and NLFA C16:1ω5 was approx. 3.7‰ more 13 C-depleted than roots (Ven et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.4‰ more 13 C-depleted than roots (Walder et al 2013 ; Ven et al 2020 ) and NLFA C16:1ω5 was approx. 3.7‰ more 13 C-depleted than roots (Ven et al 2020 ). In contrast, AM hyphae have previously been shown to be continuously 13 C-enriched by around 5‰ (Walder et al 2012 , and this study) relative to plant leaves, a pattern also found for other mycorrhizas (ECM) (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable C and N isotope natural abundances of intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

et al. 2020

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Data for stable C and N isotope natural abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are currently sparse, as fungal material is difficult to access for analysis. So far, isotope analyses have been limited to lipid compounds associated with fungal membranes or storage structures (biomarkers), fungal spores and soil hyphae. However, it remains unclear whether any of these components are an ideal substitute for intraradical AM hyphae as the functional nutrient trading organ. Thus, we isolated intraradical hyphae of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis from roots of the grass Festuca ovina and the legume Medicago sativa via an enzymatic and a mechanical approach. In addition, extraradical hyphae were isolated from a sand-soil mix associated with each plant. All three approaches revealed comparable isotope signatures of R. irregularis hyphae. The hyphae were 13C- and 15N-enriched relative to leaves and roots irrespective of the plant partner, while they were enriched only in 15N compared with soil. The 13C enrichment of AM hyphae implies a plant carbohydrate source, whereby the enrichment was likely reduced by an additional plant lipid source. The 15N enrichment indicates the potential of AM fungi to gain nitrogen from an organic source. Our isotope signatures of the investigated AM fungus support recent findings for mycoheterotrophic plants which are suggested to mirror the associated AM fungi isotope composition. Stable isotope natural abundances of intraradical AM hyphae as the functional trading organ for bi-directional carbon-for-mineral nutrient exchanges complement data on spores and membrane biomarkers.

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“…PLFA C16:1ω5 was approx. 2.4‰ more 13 C-depleted than roots (Walder et al 2013 ; Ven et al 2020 ) and NLFA C16:1ω5 was approx. 3.7‰ more 13 C-depleted than roots (Ven et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable C and N isotope natural abundances of intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

et al. 2020

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“…The neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1ω5 was used as the AM fungal biomass indicator. It has been shown to be more sensitive as an AM fungal signature and correlate better than PLFA 16:1ω5 with other indicators of AM fungal biomass, such as hyphal length density and root colonisation (Olsson et al 1995;Olsson et al 1998;Ven et al 2020).…”

Section: Fatty Acid Analysis and 13 C Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal patterns of carbon flow from grassland vegetation to soil microorganisms measured using 13C-labelling and signature fatty acids

Birgander

Olsson

2021

Plant Soil

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Purpose We investigated how the C flow from plants to microorganisms varies throughout the year in a temperate grassland. Additionally, we investigated how the C flow relates to saprotrophic activity and vegetation changes. Methods In situ stable isotope pulse labelling (13CO2) was employed to estimate the flow of recently plant-derived C to soil microorganisms by using signature fatty acids. Bacterial and fungal growth was estimated using radio-labelling in laboratory incubations. Results The C flow from plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi peaked during the warmer parts of the year, but saprotrophic microorganisms showed little temporal variation in C flow. Also saprotrophic fungi received considerable amounts of C from plants throughout the year. Bacterial and fungal growth showed temporal variation with a growth peak in August for both. This suggests a shift in the C source from mainly rhizosphere C in colder parts of the year, to older C-sources in warmer parts of the year (August). Conclusion We conclude that AM fungi, saprotrophic fungi and bacteria differ in the amount of recently-fixed C they receive from plants throughout the year. Hence, temporal patterns need to be considered to understand ecosystem functioning. The studied plant community included winter annuals, which potentially maintain a high C flow to saprotrophic fungi during the cold season.

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“…Fourteen seedlings of Zea mays L. (a C 4 -plant, variety 'Tom Thumb') per mesocosm were planted on the 21st of June 2017 after their roots were submerged in spore-based inoculum of the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis (Symplanta®). Mesh bags, often used to study AMF (see, e.g., Ven et al, 2020) because they exclude ingrowth of roots but are permeable for fungal hyphae (30 μm mesh, size 13 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm, average soil density 1.497 g cm −3 ), filled with C free white river sand (heated for 5 hr at 550 C to remove any remains of organic matter) were buried vertically into the top soil of each mesocosm 1 week before planting. One mesh bag per mesocosms was harvested at the end of the experiment, which was 10 weeks after planting.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycorrhizal root colonization and hyphal length followed the procedure described by Ven et al (2020). Mycorrhizal root colonization was verified in August by sampling roots from four plants per mesocosm.…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus addition increased carbon partitioning to autotrophic respiration but not to biomass production in an experiment with Zea mays

Ven

Verlinden

Fransén

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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Plant carbon (C) partitioning-the relative use of photosynthates for biomass production, respiration, and other plant functions-is a key but poorly understood ecosystem process. In an experiment with Zea mays, with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we investigated the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilization and AMF on plant C partitioning. Based on earlier studies, we expected C partitioning to biomass production (i.e., biomass production efficiency; BPE) to increase with increasing P addition due to reduced C partitioning to AMF. However, although plant growth was clearly stimulated by P addition, BPE did not increase. Instead, C partitioning to autotrophic respiration increased. These results contrasted with our expectations and with a previous experiment in the same setup where P addition increased BPE while no effect on autotropic respiration was found. The comparison of both experiments suggests a key role for AMF in explaining these contrasts. Whereas in the previous experiment substantial C partitioning to AMF reduced BPE under low P, in the current experiment, C partitioning to AMF was too low to directly influence BPE. Our results illustrate the complex influence of nutrient availability and mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant C partitioning.

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Mesh bags underestimated arbuscular mycorrhizal abundance but captured fertilization effects in a mesocosm experiment

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Stable C and N isotope natural abundances of intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Stable C and N isotope natural abundances of intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Temporal patterns of carbon flow from grassland vegetation to soil microorganisms measured using 13C-labelling and signature fatty acids

Phosphorus addition increased carbon partitioning to autotrophic respiration but not to biomass production in an experiment with Zea mays

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